Abstract: A controller completes the setting of a flow entry to a switch previously before the communication of a virtual machine starts. Specifically, the controller sets information of the virtual machine and information of a server on which the virtual machine operates. The controller detects the information of the server under the switch through the switch. When the set server information and the detected server information match to each other, the controller sets a flow entry for a packet destined to the virtual machine to the switch based on information of the virtual machine on the server. After that, the virtual machine starts communication.

Abstract: A controller completes the setting of a flow entry to a switch previously before the communication of a virtual machine starts. Specifically, the controller sets information of the virtual machine and information of a server on which the virtual machine operates. The controller detects the information of the server under the switch through the switch. When the set server information and the detected server information match to each other, the controller sets a flow entry for a packet destined to the virtual machine to the switch based on information of the virtual machine on the server. After that, the virtual machine starts communication.

Abstract: Image forming apparatus which prevents occurrence of a toner-filming phenomenon on a development roller thereof by performing a toner freshening operation. When the image forming apparatus performs the toner freshening operation, an amount of the toner remaining unused on the development roller can totally be transferred onto a photoconductive drum at a predetermined timing for a predetermined time period at a predetermined rate of frequency so as to effectively prevent occurrence of the toner-filming phenomenon. The amount of toner used for the toner-freshening operation can be kept clean and returned to the development roller in a form without agglomerating by an unused toner returning mechanism mounted in an image forming unit of the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus has a dust free configuration, and may further include an air fan including an electrostatic filter and a front loading type paper cassette.