Abstract: An electronic device including optical sensing with a concentric architecture and methods for operation thereof is disclosed. The concentric architecture can include light detector(s) arranged in a concentric manner around light emitter(s). In some examples, at least one light emitter can be located in the center of the device, and each light detector can be located the same separation distance from the light emitter. Each light detector can be arranged such that the separation distance from the centrally located light emitter can be greater than the separation distance from another light emitter. Examples of the disclosure further include a selective transparent layer overlaying the light detector(s). The selective transparent layer can include section(s) transparent to a first wavelength range and non-transparent to a second wavelength ranges. In some examples, the selective transparent layer can further include section(s) transparent to the second wavelength range.

Abstract: A watch having a cover is described. An optical sensor subsystem is attached adjacent to or directly on an interior surface of the cover. In some cases, the optical sensor subsystem includes a substrate to which a light emitter and a light receiver are attached. The light receiver is configured to receive light emitted by the light emitter and reflected from the skin of a person that wears the watch. In some cases, the light emitter and light receiver are separated by a light-blocking wall that abuts the interior surface of the cover. In some cases, a light filter is attached adjacent or directly on the interior surface of the cover, between the cover and the light receiver.

Abstract: A Fresnel lens can be adhered to a window in an optical apparatus by liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA). However, during adhesion the LOCA may spill over into grooves of the Fresnel lens, and the grooves can carry the LOCA into an active area of the lens potentially causing visual artifacts and altering the functional and cosmetic optical qualities of the lens. In examples of the disclosure, one or more grooves along the circumference of a surface of the lens surrounding inner grooves of the Fresnel lens can form a barrier ring that prevents the LOCA from reaching the inner grooves.

Abstract: This relates to an electronic device configured for optical sensing having shared windows and including light restriction designs. The light restriction designs can include one or more of optical layers, optical films, lenses, and window systems configured to reduce or eliminate crosstalk between optical components. A plurality of accepting sections and a plurality of blocking sections can be employed to selectively allow light having an angle of incidence within one or more acceptance viewing angles and block light with angles of incidence outside of the acceptance viewing angles. In some examples, the light restriction designs can include variations in optical and structural properties can allow the light restriction designs to have spatially varying acceptance angles. Variations in structural properties can include, but are not limited to, differences in widths, heights, and/or tilts of the accepting sections and/or blocking sections.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including one or more sensors for detecting ambient light through the user's skin is disclosed. The sensors can be optical sensors such as ambient light sensors (ALS) and/or cameras. Examples of the present disclosure include a device that can determine the intensity of ambient light and can change the operating state of the portable electronic device based on the ambient light environment. The device can also determine the type of ambient light and generate notifications to the user based on the determined type.

Abstract: An integrated window for a photosensor for use in an electronic device has first and second transparent regions separated by an opaque region. The first transparent region allows a transmitter to emit light out of the housing of the electronic device and the second transparent region allows a receiver to receive light through the housing. The opaque region is disposed between the first and second transparent regions to isolate them from one another such that the transmitted light is isolated from the received light.

Abstract: This relates to systems and methods for determining one or more of a user's physiological signals. The one or more of the user's physiological signals can be determined by measuring pulsatile blood volume changes. Motion artifacts included in the signals can be canceled or reduced by measuring non-pulsatile blood volume changes and adjusting the signal to account for the non-pulsatile blood information. Non-pulsatile blood volume changes can be measured using at least one set of light emitter-light sensor. The light emitter can be located in close proximity (e.g., less than or equal to 1 mm away) to the light sensor, thereby limiting light emitted by the light emitter to blood volume without interacting with one or more blood vessels and/or arterioles. In some examples, the systems can further include an accelerometer configured to measure the user's acceleration, and the acceleration signal can be additionally be used for compensating for motion artifacts.

Abstract: The relates to a back surface of the device including one or more protrusions configured to create the localized pressure. In some examples, the protrusion(s) can be located between the optical components and one or more edges of the back plate. In some examples, the protrusion(s) can include a surface that can be raised relative to the back plate of the device. In some examples, one or more protrusions can include one or more recessed regions. In some examples, the cover structure disposed over each of the openings may itself be a protrusion that can apply local regions of higher pressure. The protrusion(s) can be capable of applying localized pressure to multiple spatially separated regions of the skin. Additionally or alternatively, the protrusion(s) can be capable of applying different amounts of localized pressure. Examples of the disclosure can include the Fresnel lens(es) and/or optical isolation optically coupled to the protrusion.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including one or more sensors for detecting ambient light through the user's skin is dis-closed. The sensors can be optical sensors such as ambient light sensors (ALS) and/or cameras. Examples of the present disclosure include a device that can determine the intensity of ambient light and can change the operating state of the portable electronic device based on the ambient light environment. The device can also determine the type of ambient light and generate notifications to the user based on the determined type.

Abstract: A Fresnel lens can be adhered to a window in an optical apparatus by liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA). However, during adhesion the LOCA may spill over into grooves of the Fresnel lens, and the grooves can carry the LOCA into an active area of the lens potentially causing visual artifacts and altering the functional and cosmetic optical qualities of the lens. In examples of the disclosure, one or more grooves along the circumference of a surface of the lens surrounding inner grooves of the Fresnel lens can form a barrier ring that prevents the LOCA from reaching the inner grooves.

Abstract: An optical system is described where a portion of the Rayleigh light arriving from a sample is incident on the same image sensor as a Raman signal to be measured. As a result, the difference in wavelength between the measured Rayleigh line and the measured Raman peaks may be determined directly without the need for a separate sensor, optical path, or calibration.

Abstract: An apparatus consisting of stacked slab waveguides whose outputs are vertically staggered is disclosed. At the input to the stacked waveguides, the entrances to each slab lie in approximately the same vertical plane. A spot which is imaged onto the input will be transformed approximately to a set of staggered rectangles at the output, without substantial loss in brightness, which staggered rectangles can serve as a convenient input to a spectroscopic apparatus. A slit mask can be added to spatially filter the outputs so as to present the desired transverse width in the plane of the spectroscopic apparatus parallel to its dispersion.

Abstract: An apparatus for increasing the blood perfusion in skin by elevating the temperature, and for providing superior heat sinking to the skin of thermally dissipative devices is disclosed. The increased perfusion gives rise to improved thermal transport properties near the site of elevated temperature which is advantageously used by thermally connecting the dissipative devices to the skin. The heat generated by the thermally dissipative devices can supplement or replace separate heating elements to elevate the skin temperature. Alternatively, thermal isolation of the heated area of the skin from the heat sinks of the dissipative devices can minimize the temperature of the skin in contact with the heat sinks.