Abstract: The invention concerns a method for establishing a plug inside a main pipe, in particular a vertically or slantingly arranged pipe, where said pipe has firs and second ends, and where the plug is arranged inside the pipe at a distance from said first and second ends, where a liquid surface is provided at least inside the pipe, below the level at which it is desirable to establish the plug, where a buoyant layer is established on top of said liquid surface, and where a plug material is placed on top of ‘said buoyant layer as well as a plug established according to the method. The buoyant layer can be granular, liquid or solid material. The plug is made of foam material, expandable material or cement-based material such as concrete.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an essentially bacteria-free colostrum by means of microfiltration, which process includes that defatted, natural colostrum (first milk) is poured into a balance tank; subsequently the feeding pump is pumping the concentrate to a booster pump; the booster pump circulates the concentrate across a filter membrane wherein the pressure difference in the membrane rendered filtration of the concentrate possible; the concentrate is flowing across a heating/cooling unit to keep a constant process temperature before the concentrate returns to the booster pump; filtrated colostrum (the filtrate) circulates across the filter membrane to keep a constant transmembrane pressure; the filtrate is drained without pressure loss on the filtrate side of the filter.

Abstract: A method for transamidating a peptide substrate having a P1 amino acid residue with a positively charged side chain. According to the invention, carboxypeptidase Y is modified to substitute at least one amino acid having a negatively charged side chain in an S1 subsite. Additionally, the modified carboxypeptidase Y can include substituted amino acid residues in an S1′, S2 and/or S3 subsite to accommodate a specific peptide substrate.

Abstract: A method for transamidating a peptide substrate having a P.sub.1 amino acid residue with a positively charged side chain. According to the invention, carboxypeptidase Y is modified to substitute at least one amino acid having a negatively charged side chain in an S.sub.1 subsite. Additionally, the modified carboxypeptidase Y can include substituted amino acid residues in an S.sub.1 ', S.sub.2 and/or S.sub.3 subsite to accommodate a specific peptide substrate.