Abstract: A patterning method for micro-contact printing involves the steps of: applying a resin on a master having projected patterns, hardening the resin and thereafter removing the hardened resin from the master to make a stamp of the resin; applying a molecular ink including hydrophobic molecules dispersed in a solvent on the stamp; forming micro-contact printed patterns of the hydrophobic molecular layer on a substrate by means of the stamp on which the molecular ink is applied; dipping the substrate with micro-contact printed patterns in a hydrophilic molecule solution dispersed in a solvent to give chemical modification to the areas of the surface of the substrate around the micro-contact printed patterns, the solution including hydrophilic molecules having a chain length shorter than the chain length of hydrophobic molecules included in the molecular ink is used as the hydrophilic molecule solution.

Abstract: A patterning method for micro-contact printing involves the steps of: applying a resin on a master having projected patterns, hardening the resin and thereafter removing the hardened resin from the master to make a stamp of the resin; applying a molecular ink including hydrophobic molecules dispersed in a solvent on the stamp; forming micro-contact printed patterns of the hydrophobic molecular layer on a substrate by means of the stamp on which the molecular ink is applied; dipping the substrate with micro-contact printed patterns in a hydrophilic molecule solution dispersed in a solvent to give chemical modification to the areas of the surface of the substrate around the micro-contact printed patterns, the solution including hydrophilic molecules having a chain length shorter than the chain length of hydrophobic molecules included in the molecular ink is used as the hydrophilic molecule solution.

Abstract: In patterning method with micro-contact printing comprising the steps of: applying resin on a master having projected patterns, hardening the resin and thereafter removing the hardened resin from the master to make a stamp of the resin; applying molecular ink including hydrophobic molecules dispersed in solvent on the stamp and forming micro-contact printed patterns of hydrophobic molecular layer on a substrate by means of the stamp on which the molecular ink is applied and; dipping the substrate with micro-contact printed patterns in hydrophilic molecule solution dispersed in solvent to give chemical modification to the areas of the surface of substrate around the micro-contact printed patterns, solution including hydrophilic molecules having chain length shorter than the chain length of hydrophobic molecules included in the molecular ink is used as the hydrophilic molecule solution.

Abstract: In patterning method with micro-contact printing comprising the steps of: applying resin on a master having projected patterns, hardening the resin and thereafter removing the hardened resin from the master to make a stamp of the resin; applying molecular ink including hydrophobic molecules dispersed in solvent on the stamp and forming micro-contact printed patterns of hydrophobic molecular layer on a substrate by means of the stamp on which the molecular ink is applied and; dipping the substrate with micro-contact printed patterns in hydrophilic molecule solution dispersed in solvent to give chemical modification to the areas of the surface of substrate around the micro-contact printed patterns, solution including hydrophilic molecules having chain length shorter than the chain length of hydrophobic molecules included in the molecular ink is used as the hydrophilic molecule solution.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst for use in electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide gas in an aqueous solution. The electrocatalyst is formed of nickel alkyl cyclam which is expressed by the general formula: ##STR1## where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group expressed by the formula of C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 ; wherein at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group in which n is a number ranging from 1 to 22. The nickel alkyl cyclam as the electrocatalyst is excellent in stability and energy consumption improving effect while exhibiting a high carbon dioxide gas reduction effect, as compared with conventional nickel cyclam.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst for use in electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide gas in an aqueous solution. The electrocatalyst is formed of nickel alkyl cyclam which is expressed by the general formula: ##STR1## where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group expressed by the formula of C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 ; wherein at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group in which n is a number ranging from 1 to 22. The nickel alkyl cyclam as the electrocatalyst is excellent in stability and energy consumption improving effect while exhibiting a high carbon dioxide gas reduction effect, as compared with conventional nickel cyclam.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are derivatives of phenylacetic ester represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, ##STR2## and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, a process for producing the derivatives and an insecticidal composition containing the derivatives of phenylacetic ester as an active ingredient.