Abstract: A system in radio communication comprising a controller, a first device, and a second device is provided. The first device is associated with a first particular sector of a radio communication cell and the second device is associated with a second particular sector of the radio communication cell. The first device comprises a first sector indicating hardware and the second device comprises a second sector indicating hardware. The first and second sector indicating hardware each comprises a first visual sector information relating to the first particular sector such that the first visual sector information is visible to a human, and a first electronically readable sector information relating to the first particular sector. Each device comprises a first reading arrangement for reading the electronically readable sector information.

Abstract: A system in radio communication comprising a controller, a first device, and a second device is provided. The first device is associated with a first particular sector of a radio communication cell and the second device is associated with a second particular sector of the radio communication cell. The first device comprises a first sector indicating hardware and the second device comprises a second sector indicating hardware. The first and second sector indicating hardware each comprises a first visual sector information relating to the first particular sector such that the first visual sector information is visible to a human, and a first electronically readable sector information relating to the first particular sector. Each device comprises a first reading arrangement for reading the electronically readable sector information.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a backdraft damper having a flap valve, a dust collector having a backdraft damper and a method for preventing a pressure wave from propagating upstream of a dust collector. In one embodiment, a backdraft damper is provided that includes a body having a flap valve disposed therein. The flap valve includes a valve seat disposed in an interior volume of the body. The flap valve includes a blade movable between an open position and a closed position which prevents fluid flow between an inlet and an outlet of the body. The blade of the flap valve includes a core material sandwiched between a first plate and a second plate.

Abstract: A system in radio communication comprising a controller, a first device, and a second device is provided. The first device is associated with a first particular sector of a radio communication cell and the second device is associated with a second particular sector of the radio communication cell. The first device comprises a first sector indicating hardware and the second device comprises a second sector indicating hardware. The first and second sector indicating hardware each comprises a first visual sector information relating to the first particular sector such that the first visual sector information is visible to a human, and a first electronically readable sector information relating to the first particular sector. Each device comprises a first reading arrangement for reading the electronically readable sector information.

Abstract: A system in radio communication comprising a controller, a first device, and a second device is provided. The first device is associated with a first particular sector of a radio communication cell and the second device is associated with a second particular sector of the radio communication cell. The first device comprises a first sector indicating hardware and the second device comprises a second sector indicating hardware. The first and second sector indicating hardware each comprises a first visual sector information relating to the first particular sector such that the first visual sector information is visible to a human, and a first electronically readable sector information relating to the first particular sector. Each device comprises a first reading arrangement for reading the electronically readable sector information.

Abstract: A system in radio communication comprising a controller, a first device, and a second device is provided. The first device is associated with a first particular sector of a radio communication cell and the second device is associated with a second particular sector of the radio communication cell. The first device comprises a first sector indicating hardware and the second device comprises a second sector indicating hardware. The first and second sector indicating hardware each comprises a first visual sector information relating to the first particular sector such that the first visual sector information is visible to a human, and a first electronically readable sector information relating to the first particular sector. Each device comprises a first reading arrangement for reading the electronically readable sector information.

Abstract: In an optical fiber network bidirectional WDM traffic is sent on one optical main transmission fiber (1) between two nodes (A, B) connected in the path of the transmission fiber. The bidirectional traffic between a pair of nodes is carried on two different wavelength channels (Nos. 1, 2), one for each direction. The two wavelength channels are added to/dropped from the traffic in the ring fiber (1) in each node using a two-channel add/drop filter (5e1-2, 5w1-2), e.g. a band add/drop filter. In this way the number of add/drop filters connected in the path of the transmission fiber can be kept as small as possible.

Abstract: An optical WDM ring network includes at least two add/drop nodes connected in a ring path. The ring path comprises only a single optical fiber arranged for bidirectional traffic between the nodes. A 2×2 switch is used in one of the add/drop nodes for switching signals forwarded from the node to the other node to travel either on a first segment of the ring path or on a second, complementary segment of the ring path when required for protection purposes. Signals from the other node to the first node are issued to travel on both segments but the switch selects the actual segment from which the signals are received in the first node. The signals switches by the switch can be high priority signals used in protected channels communicated between the node and another node. On the segment from which the high priority signals are not received, low priority signals in non-protected channels can be communicated between the nodes, these channels also passing the switch.

Abstract: A node is provided in an optical communications network that utilizes a first set of add/drop filter elements for extracting and combining optical signals that are carried on wavelength division multiplexed channels in a first wavelength band. Additionally, an extraction element and a combining element for dropping and adding a service channel associated with the wavelength division multiplexed channels. The extraction element is arranged downstream of the add/drop filter elements. The extraction and combining elements are additionally adapted to drop and add, respectively, at least one further wavelength band carrying at least one optical traffic data channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method using a node, a system comprising a node and a node for filtering signals in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communications system, especially for re-configurably adding and dropping signals to and from an optical fibre path. The node comprising a drop filter, an add filter, a signal channel receiver, and a signal channel transmitter each being connected to a switch for signal channel relaying between said network, and signal channel dropping and adding from and to said network. The node provides low loss for relayed signals by allowing the drop filter to have a low crosstalk isolation, and provides high crosstalk isolation for dropped signal channels by connecting said receiver to the switch through an additional filter with high filtering characteristics for at least one predetermined signal channel of said signal.

Abstract: A process is modeled by a dynamic model, handling time dependent relations between manipulated variables of different process sections (10A–D) and measured process output variables. Suggested input trajectories for manipulated variables for a subsequent time period are obtained by optimizing an objective function over a prediction time period, under constraints imposed by the dynamic process model and/or preferably a production plan for the same period. The objective function comprises relations involving predictions of controlled process output variables as a function of time using the process model, based on the present measurements, preferably by a state estimation procedure. By the use of a prediction horizon, also planned future operational changes can be prepared for, reducing any induced fluctuations. In pulp and paper processes, process output variables associated with chemical additives can be used, adapting the optimization to handle chemical additives aspects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silencer (1) comprising an outer porous filter (2) and an inner porous filter (3) arranged inside the outer filter (2). The silencer (1) is designed such that the relative positions of the filters (2, 3) can be changed. Air velocity and noise are counteracted when pressurised air flows through the filters.

Abstract: An optical WDM ring network includes at least two add/drop nodes connected in a ring path. The ring path comprises only a single optical fiber arranged for bidirectional traffic between the nodes. A 2×2 switch is used in one of the add/drop nodes for switching signals forwarded from the node to the other node to travel either on a first segment of the ring path or on a second, complementary segment of the ring path when required for protection purposes. Signals from the other node to the first node are issued to travel on both segments but the switch selects the actual segment from which the signals are received in the first node. The signals switches by the switch can be high priority signals used in protected channels communicated between the node and another node. On the segment from which the high priority signals are not received, low priority signals in non-protected channels can be communicated between the nodes, these channels also passing the switch.

Abstract: A process is modeled by a dynamic model, handling time dependent relations between manipulated variables of different process sections (10A-D) and measured process output variables. Suggested input trajectories for manipulated variables for a subsequent time period are obtained by optimizing an objective function over a prediction time period, under constraints imposed by the dynamic process model and/or preferably a production plan for the same period. The objective function comprises relations involving predictions of controlled process output variables as a function of time using the process model, based on the present measurements, preferably by a state estimation procedure. By the use of a prediction horizon, also planned future operational changes can be prepared for, reducing any induced fluctuations. In pulp and paper processes, process output variables associated with chemical additives can be used, adapting the optimization to handle chemical additives aspects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method using a node, a system comprising a node and a node for filtering signals in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communications system, especially for re-configurably adding and dropping signals to and from an optical fibre path. The node comprising a drop filter, an add filter, a signal channel receiver, and a signal channel transmitter each being connected to a switch for signal channel relaying between said network, and signal channel dropping and adding from and to said network. The node provides low loss for relayed signals by allowing the drop filter to have a low crosstalk isolation, and provides high crosstalk isolation for dropped signal channels by connecting said receiver to the switch through an additional filter with high filtering characteristics for at least one predetermined signal.

Abstract: A method in consolidation and drying of paper. A wet web is contacted with superheated steam, whose temperature is 200-600° C. for the purpose of reducing, by heat transfer from the superheated stream, the water content of the web by evaporation of a substantial part of the water in the same. The wet web is supported and transported by means of a heat-conductive, gas-impermeable belt whose width is equal to or exceeds the width of the web, and jets of the superheated steam are directed towards the side of the web facing away from the belt.

Abstract: In an optical fiber network bidirectional WDM traffic is sent on one optical main transmission fiber (1) between two nodes (A, B) connected in the path of the transmission fiber. The bidirectional traffic between a pair of nodes is carried on two different wavelength channels (Nos. 1, 2), one for each direction. The two wavelength channels are added to/dropped from the traffic in the ring fiber (1) in each node using a two-channel add/drop filter (5e1-2, 5w1-2), e.g. a band add/drop filter. In this way the number of add/drop filters connected in the path of the transmission fiber can be kept as small as possible.

Abstract: Method for drying wood raw material (10) by means of hot gases (20) supplied to the drying process, in which VOC, apart from water, evaporate from the wood raw material into the gases. The drying process is divided and carried out in at least two sub-steps (I, II), from which process gas (22, 33) is removed separately, and the drying process is thus controlled that VOC evaporate during one of the sub-steps, and the VOC are concentrated to this sub-step. The temperature of the gas containing VOC is increased to a temperature exceeding 180° C. before VOC are oxidized catalytically at said elevated temperature, in order to reduce the discharge of VOC from the drying process.

Abstract: A method of treating cellulose pulp which is subjected to an oxygen-delignification stage (3), a washing stage (4), an ozone-bleaching stage (1) and a further bleaching stage, for instance a peroxide-bleaching stage (7). A gas mixture of oxygen and ozone is delivered to the ozone-bleaching stage (1). The used gas mixture is regenerated, i.e. freed from carbon dioxide, and returned to the oxygen-delignification stage (3) and/or to a bleaching stage (7).