Abstract: A method for performing 2-dimensional discrete Fourier transform of a subject image data to be performed in one or more digital processors includes performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the subject image data and 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each column of the subject image, and performing a simplified fast Fourier transform processing on the extracted boundary image without performing column-by-column 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform by: performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform only on a first column vector in the extracted boundary image data, using scaled column vectors to derive fast Fourier transform of remaining columns of the extracted boundary image data, and performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the extracted boundary image data.

Abstract: A method for performing 2-dimensional discrete Fourier transform of a subject image data to be performed in one or more digital processors includes performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the subject image data and 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each column of the subject image, and performing a simplified fast Fourier transform processing on the extracted boundary image without performing column-by-column 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform by: performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform only on a first column vector in the extracted boundary image data, using scaled column vectors to derive fast Fourier transform of remaining columns of the extracted boundary image data, and performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the extracted boundary image data.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sample is programmed to execute instructions including: removing uncorrelated noise in said 3D reconstruction with COMET or other regularization techniques; and removing correlated noise in said 3D reconstruction by applying an Extended Field Iterative Reconstruction Technique (EFIRT) procedure.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sample is programmed to execute instructions including: removing uncorrelated noise in said 3D reconstruction with COMET or other regularization techniques; and removing correlated noise in said 3D reconstruction by applying an Extended Field Iterative Reconstruction Technique (EFIRT) procedure.

Abstract: Computerized method and system for improving 3D reconstruction images involves applying the Extended Field Iterative Reconstruction Technique (EFIRT) to remove correlated noise, in addition to with COMET (constrained maximum relative entropy tomography) or other regularization techniques to eliminate uncorrelated noise, wherein the EFIRT is applied by performing a set of successive reconstructions on an extended field larger than a region of interest (ROI); and extracting and averaging the ROI from said set of successive reconstructions.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sample is programmed to execute instructions including: removing uncorrelated noise in said 3D reconstruction with COMET or other regularization techniques; and removing correlated noise in said 3D reconstruction by applying an Extended Field Iterative Reconstruction Technique (EFIRT) procedure.

Abstract: Computerized method and system for improving 3D reconstruction images involves applying the Extended Field Iterative Reconstruction Technique (EFIRT) to remove correlated noise, in addition to using COMET (constrained maximum relative entropy tomography) to eliminate uncorrelated noise, wherein the EFIRT is applied by performing a set of successive reconstructions on an extended field larger than a region of interest (ROI); and extracting and averaging the ROI from said set of successive reconstructions.

Abstract: A method for improving image resolution of a three dimensional structure of at least one molecule conformation includes: determining a three dimensional structure of at least one conformation of a molecule in a sample from a first data set obtained from a series of 2D measurements of different geometrical projections of the molecule at a low electron beam dose in an electron microscope; producing a second data set including calculated two dimensional projections of the determined three dimensional structure of the at least one conformation of the same molecule; correlating data from a third data set obtained from at least one measurement of the same molecule using a higher electron beam dose with the second data set; and using the correlated data to improve the resolution of the three dimensional structure of the at least one conformation of the molecule by increasing the first data set with the correlated data and re-determining a three dimensional structure.

Abstract: A method for improving image resolution of a three dimensional structure of at least one molecule conformation includes: determining a three dimensional structure of at least one conformation of a molecule in a sample from a first data set obtained from a series of 2D measurements of different geometrical projections of the molecule at a low electron beam dose in an electron microscope; producing a second data set including calculated two dimensional projections of the determined three dimensional structure of the at least one conformation of the same molecule; correlating data from a third data set obtained from at least one measurement of the same molecule using a higher electron beam dose with the second data set; and using the correlated data to improve the resolution of the three dimensional structure of the at least one conformation of the molecule by increasing the first data set with the correlated data and re-determining a three dimensional structure.

Abstract: A method for localizing and identifying specific epitopes on a molecule using electron microscopy in combination with specific labeling of the epitopes by e.g. antibodies. The electron microscopy is performed using a very low electron dose, which allows the labeling molecules to remain bound to their epitopes.

Abstract: A method for achieving a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of a crystal, includes, vitrifying a sample of microcrystals for cryoTEM, recording a tilt series, and obtaining a first 3D reconstruction using the FB+COMET procedure. If the sample is of high quality, the repetitive structure and, if possible, the space group of the crystal are determined. If the space group could be determined, a second 3D reconstruction may be obtained including information about the space group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for imaging of at least one object, the method includes the following steps:—collecting image information about a sample by means of a microscope,—selecting a part of the sample to be imaged (as a volume)—reconstructing the collected image information for the volume using an iterative reconstruction method in which a prior prejudice distribution is refined in at least one step on the basis of a comparison with the collected image information, preferably the Comet method. One or more objects may be selected within the volume for analysis of image information related to the at least one object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for localizing and identifying specific epitopes on a molecule. The molecule of interest can be localized in a cell or in a test tube. The invention is based on the use of electron microscopy in combination with specific labeling of the epitopes by e.g. antibodies. The electron microscopy is performed using a very low electron dose, which allows the labeling molecules to remain bound to their epitopes. Furthermore, the method allows for studies of molecules in their biological context.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for providing high fidelity reconstruction built on a grid of an observed sample. An input means (10, 11, 13, 14; 40, 43, 14; 52, 13, 14) provides observed data of the sample. An estimated distribution means (19; 44; 54) provides an initial estimated distribution of the sample. A prejudice distribution means (21, 25, 15; 45, 15; 54, 15) provides a blurred prior prejudice distribution using estimated data. A calculating means (12) calculates in an iterative process for each iteration: a new estimated distribution of the sample using comparison between the estimated distribution in the next preceding iteration and said observed data of the sample from said in-put means; a new prior prejudice distribution on the new estimate less blurred than the prior prejudice distribution in the next preceding iteration.