Abstract: A method for coating a substrate on one or more sides having catalytically active material producible by material deposition under vacuum in a vacuum chamber, using the following steps: loading a substrate in the chamber evacuating the chamber, cleaning the substrate by introducing a gaseous reducing agent, removing the gaseous reducing agent, applying an intermediate layer by means of vacuum arc evaporation, wherein a substrate comprising the same or similar material is introduced into the vacuum chamber, controlling the chamber temperature, coating by vacuum arc evaporation, a metal taken from the group ruthenium, iridium, titanium and mixtures thereof while oxygen is supplied, in a last step the coated substrate is removed from the chamber, wherein at least 99% of the substrate coating is free of constituents originally contained in the substrate itself, and at least 99% of the coating applied on the intermediate layer is kept free of non-oxidized metals.

Abstract: A method for determining a safe and economic voltage operating range dependent on current density and/or a specific energy consumption operating range of a cell element of an electrolyser. A method for improving voltage results and/or specific energy consumption results, in which the voltage operating range and/or specific energy consumption operating range is determined depending on an operating parameter associated with the cell element.

Abstract: A method for determining a safe and economic voltage operating range dependent on current density and/or a specific energy consumption operating range of a cell element of an electrolyser. A method for improving voltage results and/or specific energy consumption results, in which the voltage operating range and/or specific energy consumption operating range is determined depending on an operating parameter associated with the cell element.

Abstract: A method for coating a substrate on one or more sides having catalytically active material producible by material deposition under vacuum in a vacuum chamber, using the following steps: loading a substrate in the chamber evacuating the chamber, cleaning the substrate by introducing a gaseous reducing agent, removing the gaseous reducing agent, applying an intermediate layer by means of vacuum arc evaporation, wherein a substrate comprising the same or similar material is introduced into the vacuum chamber, controlling the chamber temperature, coating by vacuum arc evaporation, a metal taken from the group ruthenium, iridium, titanium and mixtures thereof while oxygen is supplied, in a last step the coated substrate is removed from the chamber, wherein at least 99% of the substrate coating is free of constituents originally contained in the substrate itself, and at least 99% of the coating applied on the intermediate layer is kept free of non-oxidized metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device for cleaning acidic waters which comprises a cathode, an anode, and an ion exchange membrane, wherein the membrane is arranged between the cathode and the anode and is attached at least along the entire circumference of its rim, wherein many inlets and outlets are arranged along the upper and lower rim of the electrolysis device which are linked to the cathode space or to the anode space, in such a way that a plug flow, ideally with a laminar profile, is created in the cathode space and in the anode space.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device for cleaning acidic waters which comprises a cathode, an anode, and an ion exchange membrane, wherein the membrane is arranged between the cathode and the anode and is attached at least along the entire circumference of its rim, wherein many inlets and outlets are arranged along the upper and lower rim of the electrolysis device which are linked to the cathode space or to the anode space, in such a way that a plug flow, ideally with a laminar profile, is created in the cathode space and in the anode space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating one or more sides of substrates with catalytically active material, comprising material deposition under vacuum in a vacuum chamber, wherein the following steps are performed: (a) loading the vacuum chamber with at least one substrate, (b) closing and evacuating the vacuum chamber, (c) cleaning the substrate by introducing a gaseous reducing agent into the vacuum chamber, (d) increasing the size of the substrate surface by depositing a vaporous component on the substrate surface, (e) coating by a coating process taken from the group of plasma coating processes, physical gas deposition, sputtering processes or the like, wherein one or more metals and/or alkaline and/or earth alkaline metals or their oxides are applied to the surface of the substrate. This method may be used, for example, for coating electrodes which are used in the chlor-alkali electrolysis.