Abstract: Method of measuring and/or controlling flatness during rolling. The flatness deviation is measured and expressed using orthogonal polynomials. A controlled variable is generated using an Internal Mode Control by comparing the expressed deviation with values of orthogonal polynomials supplied by a model. The comparison provides a control difference to control variables that influence bending, pivoting and axial displacement of the rolls and by multizone cooling.

Abstract: Method of measuring and/or controlling flatness during rolling, in which the flatness errors are broken down into independent components.

Abstract: A blood-culture flask with an integrated subculture. It comprises a flask proper that can be filled with a liquid nutrient solution and has a neck with an outside thread, a support that can be coated with a solid culture medium, a resilient stopper with an edge that projects at one end, and a screw cap. The screw cap consists of a bottom that is open above and below and has an inside thread and of a top that is open below. The inside thread is dimensioned so that it can be screwed down over the outside thread on the neck of the flask so that the upper edge of the thread is below the upper edge of the neck when screwed on. The resilient stopper is positioned inside the bottom of the screw cap so that the bottom surface of its resilient projecting edge comes to rest against the offset above the thread when not screwed on and its lower section is dimensioned so that it can be introduced tight into the neck of the flask.