Abstract: A voluminous nonwoven composite includes a first layer of melt spun endless filaments, which are randomly deposited, and a second layer of crimped staple fibers and a method produces same. The endless filaments have a fineness of 0.8 to 1.8 dtex, preferably of ?1.3 dtex, particularly preferably of 1.0 to 1.2 dtex, the crimped staple fibers have a fineness of 2.2 to 15 dtex, preferably of 4 to 10 dtex, and the layers are stabilized and intimately connected with one another exclusively by water jets, to form the voluminous nonwoven composite.

Abstract: A voluminous nonwoven composite includes a first layer of melt spun endless filaments, which are randomly deposited, and a second layer of crimped staple fibers and a method produces same. The endless filaments have a fineness of 0.8 to 1.8 dtex, preferably of ?1.3 dtex, particularly preferably of 1.0 to 1.2 dtex, the crimped staple fibers have a fineness of 2.2 to 15 dtex, preferably of 4 to 10 dtex, and the layers are stabilized and intimately connected with one another exclusively by water jets, to form the voluminous nonwoven composite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an ultrahydrophobic surface, the method comprising providing a mixture comprising low surface energy material and a sacrificial material, forming a layer from the mixture wherein the layer contains particles of the sacrificial material, treating the layer so as to destroy the particles of sacrificial material and generate a laterally continuous matrix of solid low surface energy material containing an array of depressions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cleavage of labile functional groups from molecules by the action of electromagnetic radiation, wherein the molecules are contacted with a chemical compound whose triplet state is energetically higher than the triplet state of the labile functional group, and are subsequently exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cleavage of labile functional groups from molecules by the action of electromagnetic radiation, wherein the molecules are contacted with a chemical compound whose triplet state is energetically higher than the triplet state of the labile functional group, and are subsequently exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Further, the invention provides a method for preparing DNA chips by spatially addressed, light-controlled nucleotide synthesis on solid substrates, said method comprising the following steps: a) reacting the unprotected terminal 3? or 5? hydroxy croup of a nucleoside and/or of a nucleotide arranged on the solid substrate under usual conditions with a photolabile protective group and optionally purifying the reaction product. b) applying a solution, suspension or dispersion of a chemical compound, whose triplet state is energetically higher than the triplet state of the photolabile protective group.

Abstract: A voltage sensor (10) for monitoring electronic ignition circuits (1) which contains a plurality of igniters (4) connected to an ignition line (3) and an ignition device (2) connected to the ignition line (3) to program the electronic igniters (4). The voltage sensor (10) can be connected separately to the ignition line and contains a voltage measuring device (15) for measuring the voltage (U2) on the ignition line (3) at the voltage sensor (10). The voltage sensor (10) also contains a communications device (15, 17, 18, 19) for receiving a start signal from the ignition device (2) triggering the start of the voltage measurement and for transmitting to the ignition device (2) a measured value determined during the voltage measurement.

Abstract: A triggering unit for initiating pyrotechnical elements includes a control component, a rectifier (12), an energy store (15), a voltage regulator (13), a data coupling device (11), a current limiter and a suppressor circuit (10). To enable an up to now unknown variety of variants pertaining to characteristics and functionality without having to change the hard ware or the design of the chip, the control component is a programmable microprocessor (10) with an integrated program memory.

Abstract: An electronic releasing device for pyrotechnic igniters has a primary and a secondary charge. The primary charge is ignited by means of a circuit that comprises electronic components and whose essential electronic components are accommodated as an integrated components as an integrated circuit in an IC housing, with the housing being disposed on a printed circuit board. The terminals of the IC housing are provided as connecting points for test instruments for checking the serviceability of the integrated circuit and the igniter function and also serve for connection to external electronic devices for programming the releasing device.

Abstract: A voltage sensor (10) for monitoring electronic ignition circuits (1) which contains a plurality of igniters (4) connected to an ignition line (3) and an ignition device (2) connected to the ignition line (3) to program the electronic igniters (4). The voltage sensor (10) can be connected separately to the ignition line and contains a voltage measuring device (15) for measuring the voltage (U2) on the ignition line (3) at the voltage sensor (10). The voltage sensor (10) also contains a communications device (15, 17, 18, 19) for receiving a start signal from the ignition device (2) triggering the start of the voltage measurement and for transmitting to the ignition device (2) a measured value determined during the voltage measurement.

Abstract: Effects of capacitive resistances on the transmission of data between electronic igniters of an ignition system and a device for programming and triggering igniters are avoided by the disclosed method. Prior to a planned communication of an igniter with the device, a dc voltage is applied to the ignition circuit for a predetermined length of time. This voltage is higher than the voltage provided for generating the signals with which the data are generated. Subsequently, the signals that the igniter transmits in response are produced with a lower voltage than the previously elevated voltage and the dc voltage is increased once again prior to the response to an additional igniter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel fermentative process for the preparation of acarbose. By monitoring and controlling the osmolality in the fermentation solution, a substantial improvement in yield from the fermentation is achieved.

Abstract: Described herein are novel crystalline polyarylnitrile polymers which have excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Also, described is a process for producing such polyarylnitrile polymers.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for preparing a polyarylate having a reduced viscosity of from about 0.5 to greater than 1.0 dl/gm which process comprises the following steps:(a) reacting an acid anhydride derived from an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one dihydric phenol to form the corresponding diester;(b) after forming the diester, removing by vacuum distillation the bulk of the residual acid anhydride, then adding acetic acid, then vacuum distilling to bring the anhydride concentration to a level low enough to enable the formation of a polymer having a low color and good thermal stability; and(c) reacting said diester with at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid at a temperature sufficient to form the polyarylate.

Abstract: An improvement in processes for preparing diaryl sulfones comprising adding a limited amount of water to the reaction product mixture of such processes to form a heavier aqueous phase containing unreacted monosubstituted benzene sulfonic acid with less than an equal amount of water, separating the aqueous phase, and dehydrating the aqueous phase to recover the unreacted sulfonic acid for forming additional diaryl sulfone.

Abstract: Described herein are novel crystalline polyarylnitrile polymers which have excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Also, described is a process for producing such polyarylnitrile polymers.

Abstract: An electronic delayed-action explosive detonator comprising a tubular case, a capacitor chargeable by pulses from a blasting machine, an integrated circuit for processing pulses from the blasting machine to set a delay time, the integrated circuit controlling the elapse of the delay time after the delay time has been set, a primer to which current is supplied upon elapse of the delay time for enabling detonation, and detonator wires extending from the tubular case for enabling connection of the blasting machine to at least one of the capacitor and integrated circuit. A supporting plate arrangement for carrying the integrated circuit is disposed in series with the capacitor within the tubular case. The supporting plate has a first contact area with connecting pads for enabling attachment of leads of the capacitor, and a second contact area with connecting pads for enabling attachment of the detonator wires which are within the tubular case and extend outwardly therefrom.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for preparing polyarylates which comprises reacting a diester derivative of a dihydric phenol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid in the presence of from about 10 to about 60 weight percent of at least one particular halogenated and/or etherated substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compound, at a temperature of from about 260.degree. to about 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or printing natural or synthetic polyamide textile substrates comprising employing, as dyestuff, a compound of formula I, ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, andthe ring A is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by halogen, (C.sub.1-2)alkyl, (C.sub.1-2)alkoxy or alkyl(C.sub.1-2)carbonylamino or disubstituted by methyl groups,in free acid or salt form.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a mixture of aromatic sulfonyl chlorides and aromatic sulfones substantially free of the corresponding aromatic sulfonic acids and their anhydrides, which comprises the steps of (a) reacting a monosubstituted benzene such as monochlorobenzene with sulfur trioxide in the presence of at least about 15 mole percent to about 50 mole percent of thionyl chloride, based on the sulfur trioxide, at a temperature from about the freezing point of the reactants to about 40.degree. C.; (b) adding to the reaction mixture of step (a) at least about 60 mole percent thionyl chloride, based on the sulfur trioxide, and preferably a small catalytic amount of dimethylformamide, wherein the total thionyl chloride in the reaction mixture is at least about 110 mole percent, based on the sulfur trioxide, while maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and 70.degree. C.; and then (c) continuing the reaction up to a temperature of about 160.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone derivatives containing a halopyrimidinyl or haloquinoxaline-6-carbonyl reactive group are useful as reactive dyestuffs for the dyeing or printing of leather and textile materials.