Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor, in particular a sensor made of ceramic material. Said sensor is heated to a shock-resistance temperature which is higher than a specific temperature.

Abstract: A sensor element having a layered construction and configured to detect a physical property of a gas or a liquid includes a functional component situated in the interior, which functional component is connected electrically to a conductor element, which conductor element extends up to the outer surface or up into the surroundings of the sensor element. The sensor element has at least one sealing element which adjoins the functional component and/or the conductor element. The conductor element and the at least one sealing element are configured to be gas-tight at least regionally in the interior of the sensor element and are situated in such a way that the functional component is separated gas-tight from the surroundings of the sensor element.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur cell comprising an anode structure, a cathode structure and an electrolyte section abutting to the cathode structure. The cathode structure comprises a continuous layer of nanotubes or nanowires and sulfur particles. The sulfur particles are attached to the nanotubes or nanowires. The continuous layer of nanotubes or nanowires abuts to at least a part of the electrolyte section. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for manufacturing the inventive cell.

Abstract: A sensor element is provided for determining a physical property of a measuring gas, especially of the concentration of at least one gas component in the measuring gas, which has at least one ceramic layer, a diffusion barrier adjoining the at least one ceramic layer and at least one electrode that is exposed to the measuring gas diffusing through the diffusion barrier. In order to reduce the production variations with respect to the static pressure dependence and the limiting current of the diffusion barrier), the proportions of silicon in the diffusion barrier and in the at least one ceramic layer are approximately equal and differ by not more than 1 wt. %.

Abstract: A sensor element for gas sensors is described for determining gas components of a gas mixture, especially in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having at least one electrochemical measuring cell and at least one porous layer that is exposed to the gas mixture. The porous layer contains palladium, platinum, ruthenium, an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, the platinum being contained in the porous layer at a minimum concentration of 1.5 wt. %. Furthermore, a method and an impregnating solution are described for producing the sensor element.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for the treatment of combustion exhaust gases includes a first large surface, which is exposed to the exhaust gas to be purified and which has a layer of a catalytically active material suitable for converting gas components, and a planar first electrode which is in physical contact with the layer made of a catalytically active material suitable for converting gas components, and which is able to receive an electric pumping voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor, in particular a sensor made of ceramic material. Said sensor is heated to a shock-resistance temperature which is higher than a specific temperature.

Abstract: A sensor element is provided for determining a physical property of a measuring gas, especially of the concentration of at least one gas component in the measuring gas, which has at least one ceramic layer, a diffusion barrier adjoining the at least one ceramic layer and at least one electrode that is exposed to the measuring gas diffusing through the diffusion barrier. In order to reduce the production variations with respect to the static pressure dependence and the limiting current of the diffusion barrier), the proportions of silicon in the diffusion barrier and in the at least one ceramic layer are approximately equal and differ by not more than 1 wt. %.

Abstract: A sensor element for determining the oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas has a conductor track applied to a solid electrolyte, which includes an electrode provided in a measuring area of the sensor element and an electrode lead connected to the electrode and situated in the lead area of the sensor element. In a transition area between the measuring area and the lead area, the conductor track has a narrowing. Furthermore, the electrode includes a first electrode section and a second electrode section, the first electrode section being connected to the electrode lead in a transition area between the measuring area and the lead area, and the first and second electrode sections being electrically connected to one another only on their sides facing away from the lead area.

Abstract: A ceramic insulating material, in particular for sensor elements for determining the concentration of gas components in gas mixtures, is based on an alkaline earth-containing ceramic. The insulating material contains a hexaaluminate of the alkaline earth metal and at least one mixed compound of the alkaline earth metal with an acid oxide, the molar ratio of hexaaluminate to the sum of mixed compounds in the insulating material being 1.3 to 4.0.

Abstract: An ignition system of an internal combustion engine, of a motor vehicle in particular, having at least one device for igniting a jet of a fuel/air mixture which has a chamber enclosing a process space in which the ignition of the fuel/air mixture takes place. The chamber has a device for enriching the process space with oxygen radicals.

Abstract: An ignition system of an internal combustion engine, of a motor vehicle in particular, having at least one device for igniting a jet of a fuel/air mixture which has a chamber enclosing a process space in which the ignition of the fuel/air mixture takes place. The chamber has a device for enriching the process space with oxygen radicals.

Abstract: A die for producing flat sections, in particular a flat-sheet die for extrusion of ceramic green films, has a slot-shaped die outlet which opens in an outlet orifice. The height of the slot-shaped die outlet narrows beginning in the immediate vicinity of the outlet orifice and continuing to the outlet orifice. The die outlet is preferably formed by a first lip and a second lip situated opposite the first, having a constant first distance in at least some areas outside the immediate vicinity of the outlet orifice, and having at the outlet orifice a second smaller distance in comparison with the first distance, the first distance between the lips decreasing linearly to the second distance in the area of the immediate vicinity of the outlet orifice.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic composite material is described having a matrix that is at least from place to place of a glass type, and having a ceramic filler as well as a ceramic foil, a ceramic laminate or microhybrid using this composite material, the matrix containing lithium, silicon, aluminum and oxygen, and has at least from place to place a crystalline phase. In addition, a method is described for producing it, a glass having crystalline regions being melted from a starting mixture having 20 wt. % to 68 wt. % SiO2, 10 wt. % to 25 wt. % Al2O3, 5 wt. % to 20 wt. % Li2O, 0 wt. % to 35 wt. % B2O3, 0 wt. % to 10% P2O5, 0 wt. % to 10 wt. % Sb2O3 and 0 wt. % to 3 wt. % ZrO2 and converted into a glass powder, a ceramic filler, particularly powdered aluminum nitride, being then mixed in with the glass powder, and this powder mixture is finally sintered, especially after the addition of further components.

Abstract: A passive, high-temperature-resistant resistor element for measuring temperature is provided, the resistor element having an essentially interior insulating layer and two exterior conducting layers of a ceramic composite structure; the conducting layers being connected to one another at the tip of the resistor element; and the ceramic composite structure including trisilicon tetranitride, a metal silicide, and yttrium oxide or trisilicon tetranitride, a metal silicide, and a matrix phase of SixOyCzNw, where x signifies 1–2, y signifies 0–2, and w signifies 0–2. A combination element of this resistor element and a sheathed type glow plug, for example, is also provided.

Abstract: A layered sensor element used in particular for detecting a physical variable of a measuring gas, preferably for detecting the temperature of the measuring gas or the concentration of a gas component of the measuring gas. The sensor element contains a heater printed conductor situated in a layer plane of the sensor element, the heater printed conductor including a heater and a heater lead and being embedded in an insulation. In the layer plane of the heater printed conductor, the insulation is surrounded by a sealing frame at least in some areas. The extension of the sealing frame in the direction parallel to a layer plane of the sensor element and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor element at least in some areas amounts to at least 25 percent, preferably 30 percent to 80 percent, of the extension of the sensor element in this direction.

Abstract: A method for producing a piezoelectric actuator (8) with a multilayer structure of layers of a piezoelectric sheet (3, 4), and with inner electrodes disposed between them, is proposed, in which the individual layers are formed of two continuous strands (3, 4) of the piezoelectric sheet, and the two strands (3, 4) are wound over one another in the form of a double helix to form a hollow-cylindrical stack, thereby enclosing the inner electrode between them. The two strands (3, 5) are preferably guided over deflection rollers (5, 6, 7) in such a way that the overlays of the two strands (3, 4) on the already-wound stack are offset from one another by a predetermined angular amount.

Abstract: A sensor element, in particular a planar gas sensor element, having a sensor structure is described, which is heatable by a heater structure. A first spacer layer is provided between the heater structure and the sensor structure, the spacer layer having a first recess in the area of the heater structure into which a first inlay, which electrically insulates the heater structure from the sensor structure, is inserted.

Abstract: A method and device for producing shaped ceramic bodies, particularly ceramic sheets or multilayer hybrids provided with printed circuit traces, switching elements and/or plated-through holes. The shaped ceramic bodies are initially present as green bodies and also contain organic auxiliary agents, for example as a binder. During sintering and/or removal of the binder from the shaped ceramic bodies, they are compressed between porous setter plates in whose pores a catalytically active substance is introduced, so that the gaseous, organic, bake-out products of the green bodies, these products developing during sintering and/or binder removal, are catalytically converted when escaping through the porous setter plates. The setter plates be provided with separating layers that likewise may contain the catalytically active substance. The method should provide a considerable time savings when sintering and/or removing binder from the shaped ceramic bodies.

Abstract: A method of producing ceramic greenware, in particular a ceramic green film, having a ceramic powder component as the main ingredient and at least one organic solvent-free component as a secondary ingredient. To do so, the ceramic powder component is processed with the organic components initially to yield a highly viscous, solvent-free starting material which is then shaped by an extruder to form the greenware or green film.