Abstract: An apparatus calculates a number of spectral envelopes to be derived by a spectral band replication (SBR) encoder, wherein the SBR encoder is adapted to encode an audio signal using a plurality of sample values within a predetermined number of subsequent time portions in an SBR frame extending from an initial time to a final time, the predetermined number of subsequent time portions being arranged in a time sequence given by the audio signal. The apparatus has a decision value calculator for determining a decision value, the decision value measuring a deviation in spectral energy distributions of a pair of neighboring time portions. The apparatus further has a detector for detecting a violation of a threshold by the decision value and a processor for determining a first envelope border between the pair of neighboring time portions when the violation of the threshold is detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding includes a first domain converter, a switchable bypass, a second domain converter, a first processor and a second processor to obtain an encoded audio signal having different signal portions represented by coded data in different domains, which have been coded by different coding algorithms. Corresponding decoding stages in the decoder together with a bypass for bypassing a domain converter allow the generation of a decoded audio signal with high quality and low bit rate.

Abstract: An audio encoder has a first information sink oriented encoding branch such as a spectral domain encoding branch, a second information source or SNR oriented encoding branch such as an LPC-domain encoding branch, and a switch for switching between the first encoding branch and the second encoding branch, wherein the second encoding branch has a converter into a specific domain different from the spectral domain such as an LPC analysis stage generating an excitation signal, and wherein the second encoding branch furthermore has a specific domain coding branch such as LPC domain processing branch, and a specific spectral domain coding branch such as LPC spectral domain processing branch, and an additional switch for switching between the specific domain coding branch and the specific spectral domain coding branch.

Abstract: An audio encoder has a common preprocessing stage, an information sink based encoding branch such as spectral domain encoding branch, a information source based encoding branch such as an LPC-domain encoding branch and a switch for switching between these branches at inputs into these branches or outputs of these branches controlled by a decision stage. An audio decoder has a spectral domain decoding branch, an LPC-domain decoding branch, one or more switches for switching between the branches and a common post-processing stage for post-processing a time-domain audio signal for obtaining a post-processed audio signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating bandwidth extension output data for an audio signal has a noise floor measurer, a signal energy characterizer and a processor. The audio signal has components in a first frequency band and components in a second frequency band, the bandwidth extension output data are adapted to control a synthesis of the components in the second frequency band. The noise floor measurer measures noise floor data of the second frequency band for a time portion of the audio signal. The signal energy characterizer derives energy distribution data, the energy distribution data characterizing an energy distribution in a spectrum of the time portion of the audio signal. The processor combines the noise floor data and the energy distribution data to obtain the bandwidth extension output data.

Abstract: An audio signal synthesizer generates a synthesis audio signal having a first frequency band and a second synthesized frequency band derived from the first frequency band and comprises a patch generator, a spectral converter, a raw signal processor and a combiner. The patch generator performs at least two different patching algorithms, each patching algorithm generating a raw signal. The patch generator is adapted to select one of the at least two different patching algorithms in response to a control information. The spectral converter converts the raw signal into a raw signal spectral representation. The raw signal processor processes the raw signal spectral representation in response to spectral domain spectral band replication parameters to obtain an adjusted raw signal spectral representation.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating bandwidth extension data of an audio signal in a bandwidth extension system, in which a first spectral band is encoded with a first number of bits and a second spectral band different from the first spectral band is encoded with a second number of bits, the second number of bits being smaller than the first number of bits, has a controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator for calculating bandwidth extension parameters for the second frequency band in a frame-wise manner for a sequence of frames of the audio signal. Each frame has a controllable start time instant. The apparatus additionally includes a spectral tilt detector for detecting a spectral tilt in a time portion of the audio signal and for signaling the start time instant for the individual frames of the audio signal depending on spectral tilt.

Abstract: An audio encoder, an audio decoder or an audio processor includes a filter for generating a filtered audio signal, the filter having a variable warping characteristic, the characteristic being controllable in response to a time-varying control signal, the control signal indicating a small or no warping characteristic or a comparatively high warping characteristic. Furthermore, a controller is connected for providing the time-varying control signal, which depends on the audio signal. The filtered audio signal can be introduced to an encoding processor having different encoding algorithms, one of which is a coding algorithm adapted to a specific signal pattern. Alternatively, the filter is a post-filter receiving a decoded audio signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to shank bit, in particular a road milling bit, having a carrier part (10) that comprises a shank (11), the shank (11) carrying a bit tip (18) made of hard material, the carrier part comprising, in the region between the shank and the bit tip, a receiving portion (14) on which a head part is held (30), and the head part comprising a circumferential chip discharge surface (34.1) tapering in a direction toward the bit tip. In order to enable a shank bit of this kind to be designed in wear-optimized fashion, the invention provides that the head part is held rotatably with respect to the carrier part.

Abstract: An audio encoder for encoding an audio signal includes an impulse extractor for extracting an impulse-like portion from the audio signal. This impulse-like portion is encoded and forwarded to an output interface. Furthermore, the audio encoder includes a signal encoder which encodes a residual signal derived from the original audio signal so that the impulse-like portion is reduced or eliminated in the residual audio signal. The output interface forwards both, the encoded signals, i.e., the encoded impulse signal and the encoded residual signal for transmission or storage. On the decoder-side, both signal portions are separately decoded and then combined to obtain a decoded audio signal.

Abstract: An audio encoder, an audio decoder or an audio processor includes a filter (12) for generating a filtered audio signal, the filter having a variable warping characteristic, the characteristic being controllable in response to a time-varying control signal (16), the control signal indicating a small or no warping characteristic or a comparatively high warping characteristic. Furthermore, a controller (18) is connected for providing the time-varying control signal, which depends on the audio signal. The filtered audio signal can be introduced to an encoding processor (22) having different encoding algorithms, one of which is a coding algorithm adapted to a specific signal pattern. Alternatively, the filter is a post-filter receiving a decoded audio signal.

Abstract: A processed representation of an audio signal having a sequence of frames is generated by sampling the audio signal within first and second frames of the sequence of frames, the second frame following the first frame, the sampling using information on a pitch contour of the first and second frames to derive a first sampled representation. The audio signal is sampled within the second and third frames, the third frame following the second frame in the sequence of frames. The sampling uses the information on the pitch contour of the second frame and information on a pitch contour of the third frame to derive a second sampled representation. A first scaling window is derived for the first sampled representation, and a second scaling window is derived for the second sampled representation, the scaling windows depending on the samplings applied to derive the first sampled representations or the second sampled representation.

Abstract: A very coarse quantization exceeding the measure determined by the masking threshold without or only very little quality losses is enabled by quantizing not immediately the prefiltered signal, but a prediction error obtained by forward-adaptive prediction of the prefiltered signal. Due to the forward adaptivity, the quantizing error has no negative effect on the prediction on the decoder side.

Abstract: If an adaptive prediction algorithm controllable by a speed coefficient is started from to operate with a first adaption speed and a first adaption precision and an accompanying first prediction precision in the case that the speed coefficient has a first value and to operate with a second, compared to the first one, lower adaption speed and a second, but compared to the first one, higher precision in the case that the speed parameter has a second value, the adaption durations occurring after the reset times where the prediction errors are at first increased due to the, not yet, adapted prediction coefficients may be decreased by at first setting the speed parameter to the first value and, after a while, to a second value. After the speed parameter has again been set to the second value after a predetermined duration after the reset times, the prediction errors and thus the residuals to be transmitted are more optimized or smaller than would be possible with the first speed parameter value.

Abstract: An audio encoder, an audio decoder or an audio processor includes a filter for generating a filtered audio signal, the filter having a variable warping characteristic, the characteristic being controllable in response to a time-varying control signal, the control signal indicating a small or no warping characteristic or a comparatively high warping characteristic. Furthermore, a controller is connected for providing the time-varying control signal, which depends on the audio signal. The filtered audio signal can be introduced to an encoding processor having different encoding algorithms, one of which is a coding algorithm adapted to a specific signal pattern. Alternatively, the filter is a post-filter receiving a decoded audio signal.

Abstract: If an adaptive prediction algorithm controllable by a speed coefficient is started from to operate with a first adaption speed and a first adaption precision and an accompanying first prediction precision in the case that the speed coefficient has a first value and to operate with a second, compared to the first one, lower adaption speed and a second, but compared to the first one, higher precision in the case that the speed parameter has a second value, the adaption durations occurring after the reset times where the prediction errors are at first increased due to the, not yet, adapted prediction coefficients may be decreased by at first setting the speed parameter to the first value and, after a while, to a second value. After the speed parameter has again been set to the second value after a predetermined duration after the reset times, the prediction errors and thus the residuals to be transmitted are more optimized or smaller than would be possible with the first speed parameter value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computer-based technology for handling end-to-end business transactions in a TCP/IP-environment. A managing instance enables logon and provides a pool of IP addresses available for allocation. The managing instance allocates an IP address from the pool and establishes a tunneling IP connection between the managing instance and a user's device. The user's IP address together with any attributes relevant for accounting, authentication and authorization (AAA) are stored during the session time. The correlation between a user's authentication name and an IP address assigned to that name as well as the book-keeping of the validity of that correlation is handled using a session context. Any identification process for a user/subscriber who would like to use any service offered by an e-Service provider will be conducted solely using the assigned IP address.

Abstract: An unmanned craft having a fuselage, a propeller drive with a propeller being arranged in the tail portion of the fuselage for purposes of cruising, and a rocket assist propulsion system for the takeoff phase is releasably mounted to the fuselage, the improvement includes three spring biased thrust rods being secured to the frame and releasably engaging peripheral points of the craft. The thrust rods are radially pivotal in outer direction. Support points on the wings and the rudder engage front ends of the rods in contourmatching relationship but are disengageable therefrom.

Abstract: In an unmanned craft with a tail end propeller the improvement of a parachute landing system for causing the craft to land while being suspended by a parachute of the system; the fuselage for the craft has a rearwardly, laterally and, thus, asymmetrically arranged opening leading into a storage compartment for a pilot and a principal parachute system; a flap normally closes the opening but being openable and pivotable in outward direction about an axis being at least approximately vertical to the horizontal disposition of the craft and for about 135.degree.; a cable locks and limits the outward pivoting of the flap, acting as a rudder to steer the craft for 180.degree. during parachute deployment.

Abstract: The deployment of folded down wings in an aircraft following, for example, rocket assisted launching from the container is carried out through gas pressure springs with strong attenuation in the final phase, the springs being releasably coupled to the wings for being jettisoned upon completion of deployment.