Abstract: A fire alarm for an installation via a housing that is flush with the ceiling, having at least one light source arranged in the housing and at least one light receiver arranged in the housing, as well as a shutter disk, which seals the housing. To prevent the spreading of stray light between the light source and the light receiver via the shutter disk, a shield, for example, is provided in the shutter disk to suppress or absorb stray light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to testing equipment 20 for a fire alarm 1. It includes a testing pole (21), a range spacer (23) connected to the testing pole (21), and a reflective means and/or scattering means situated in the inside of the essentially pot-shaped designed range spacer (23).

Abstract: A danger detecting system has a danger detecting control center, at least one detector, at least one conductor connecting the danger detecting control center with the at least one detector, the danger detecting control center producing an output signal depending on a signal of the detector, the danger detecting control center being composed of a plurality of modules, a bus through which the modules are connected, the danger detecting control center and the modules being formed so that the modules are mountable and/or dismountable during an operation of the danger detecting control center.

Abstract: A method for detecting fires is proposed that serves to avoid false alarms, by providing that an alarm threshold is determined as a function of signal parameters derived from at least one sensor signal. False alarms are thus advantageously precluded. This is still further improved by setting up an alarm interval for which the alarm threshold must be exceeded, if an alarm is to be indicated. The alarm interval can also be determined adaptively as a function of the signal parameters. An upper threshold and a lower threshold are provided for the alarm interval and the alarm threshold, respectively, in order to build in a certain safety, so that the alarm threshold and alarm interval will not assume values that put a function of the fire detector at risk. It is also possible to use more sensor signals, in which case signal parameters can be generated by linking the sensor signals.

Abstract: A dispersion light smoke detector has a structure for providing a definite measuring volume, the structure being formed as two light receivers or an imaging optical system for one light receiver.

Abstract: An operation testing of a temperature sensor of an alarm includes spraying so that the sprayable material is sprayable on the temperature sensor, a temperature decrease due to the spraying is detected, and an operation ability is determined in dependence on the testing.

Abstract: A device for deflecting optical beams is provided, the device having an array of mirror elements, and each mirror element being pivotable at any angle independently from another mirror element. This array may be manufactured micromechanically. The pivoting of the mirror element may be executed either capacitively or thermally. The array may be situated in a camera either as a deflecting mirror or as a lens. Scanning of a space element is also possible by using the array. Applications of the device include, e.g., use in a passive infrared detector, as well as use in a scattered-light smoke detector.

Abstract: A device for testing a fire alarm including a smoke alarm and at least one gas sensor, has a testing pot fittable over a fire alarm, a first gas container with aerosol for operational testing of the smoke alarm, the first gas container having a first valve and a first gas outlet opening, the first gas outlet opening extending into the testing part, and means for making available a testing gas for at least one gas sensor available in the testing pot.

Abstract: A method for detecting fires is proposed that serves to avoid false alarms, by providing that an alarm threshold is determined as a function of signal parameters derived from at least one sensor signal. False alarms are thus advantageously precluded. This is still further improved by setting up an alarm interval for which the alarm threshold must be exceeded, if an alarm is to be indicated. The alarm interval can also be determined adaptively as a function of the signal parameters. An upper threshold and a e lower threshold are provided for the alarm interval and the alarm threshold, respectively, in order to build in a certain safety, so that the alarm threshold and alarm interval will not assume values that put a function of the fire detector at risk. It is also possible to use more sensor signals, in which case signal parameters can be generated by linking the sensor signals.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for operating an evaluation circuit for an electrochemical cell wherein the evaluation circuit is switched on for a first time period and is switched off for a second time period. The ratio between the first and the second time periods is selected to be less than 1. The measurement value of the electrochemical cell undergoes a current amplification in the evaluation circuit.

Abstract: An optoelectronic gas sensor based on optodes, where multiple separate photosensitive elements and an opto-transmitter located centrally between them are integrated into or onto a semiconductor substrate is characterized in that the photosensitive elements lie in one plane in the substrate, and together with a lateral emission area of the opto-transmitter emitting light laterally, they are covered by sections of the optode material whose thickness and refractive index are selected so that light emitted laterally from the emission area is guided to the photosensitive elements by total reflection in the optode material in each transmission branch. Such a chip-shaped gas sensor based on optodes can be implemented in a very small design, e.g., in an area of 2×2 mm2 and a thickness of 250 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A fire detector having a sensor group containing at least one fire detection sensor and having a control and evaluation unit, which is connected to a sensor group that is set up to evaluate signals supplied by the at least one fire detection sensor, and if necessary, that is also set up to output at least one control signal for the at least one fire detection sensor. The sensor group includes one of a chemosensor and a chemosensor array, which is connected to the control and evaluation unit for evaluating a detection signal of the one of the chemosensor and the chemosensor array, and which is set up based on a chemical sensor-operation principle to detect gas emissions and/or smoke emissions associated with a fire. The additional chemosensor may be an optoelectronic gas sensor functioning on an optode basis or an optoelectronic gas sensor array functioning on an optode basis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fire detector having a sensor group (10), which contains at least one conventional fire detection sensor (12, 13); and having a control and evaluation unit (9), which is connected to the sensor group (10), set up to evaluate the signal (S2, S3) supplied by the at least one fire detection sensor, and if necessary, set up to output at least one control signal (T1; T2) for the fire detection sensor(s) (12, 13); the fire detector being characterized in that the sensor group (10) also has a chemosensor (11) or a chemosensor array, which is likewise connected to the control and evaluation unit (9) for evaluating the detection signal (S1) of the chemosensor or chemosensor array, and which is set up on the basis of a chemical sensor-operation principle to detect gas and/or smoke emissions created by fire. The additional chemosensor is preferredly an optoelectronic gas sensor functioning on an optode basis, or an optoelectronic gas sensor array functioning on an optode basis.

Abstract: An optical sensor is provided for determining a physical and/or chemical parameter of a sample, having at least one optical transmitter and at least one optical receiver, and having a sensitive element which is arranged in a beam path between the transmitter and the receiver and is exposable to the sample, and which changes its absorption and/or its refractive index for electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength in response to a change in parameters of the sample, in particular, a gas-sensitive element, and possibly having an evaluation unit arranged downstream of the receiver. The transmitter and the receiver can be coupled to the sensitive element via at least one optical waveguide. Provision is made for the transmitter (12) and for the receiver (14) to be coupled to the sensitive element via at least one optical waveguide (26, 28).

Abstract: An imaging fire detector is used to detect a fire from a recorded image sequence. Either a video camera or an infrared camera is used as an imaging device. Characterizing parameters of a fire are either analyzed individually or in combination. In order to detect changes, an object analysis, a pattern analysis or a spatial-frequency analysis of the recorded image sequences is conducted. Using a threshold value for the duration of the changes, short-term changes are detected and discarded. In a further embodiment, the fire detector may also be used as a burglar alarm. With the aid of communication means, the fire detector transmits a fire alert to a master station.

Abstract: A scattering light smoke alarm has a light transmitter and a light receiver arranged so that a scattering point of the light transmitter and the light receiver are located outside the scattering light smoke alarm in a free space, a cover for protecting the light receiver and the light transmitter, and an element for distinguishing between smoke and other foreign bodies which are located in an area around the scattering point.

Abstract: A danger detecting system has a danger detecting control center, at least one detector, at least one conductor connecting the danger detecting control center with the at least one detector, the danger detecting control center producing an output signal depending on a signal of the detector, the danger detecting control center being composed of a plurality of modules, a bus through which the modules are connected, the danger detecting control center and the modules being formed so that the modules are mountable and/or dismountable during an operation of the danger detecting control center.

Abstract: A dispersion light smoke detector has a structure for providing a definite measuring volume, the structure being formed as two light receivers or an imaging optical system for one light receiver.

Abstract: A scattering light smoke alarm has a light transmitter and a light receiver arranged so that a scattering point of the light transmitter and the light receiver are located outside the scattering light smoke alarm in a free space, a cover for protecting the light receiver and the light transmitter, and an element for distinguishing between smoke and other foreign bodies which are located in an area around the scattering point.

Abstract: A device for testing a fire alarm including a smoke alarm and at least one gas sensor, has a testing pot fittable over a fire alarm, a first gas container with aerosol for operational testing of the smoke alarm, the first gas container having a first valve and a first gas outlet opening, the first gas outlet opening extending into the testing part, and means for making available a testing gas for at least one gas sensor available in the testing pot.