Abstract: A method for characterizing the interaction between a protein and a small molecule by detecting a change in fluorescence emitted by a fluorescent dye and a nucleic acid structure which can be used in said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting and/or characterizing molecular interactions between two molecules, in particular two proteins and most particular between an antigen and an antibody by using an immobilized single-stranded nucleic acid molecule to which single-stranded nucleic acid molecules having a ligand attached thereto are hybridized.

Abstract: A method for characterizing the interaction between a protein and a small molecule by detecting a change in fluorescence emitted by a fluorescent dye and a nucleic acid structure which can be used in said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a nucleotide at a defined position and determining the sequence of a target polynucleotide using an electro-switchable biosensor, as well as devices comprising an electro-switchable biosensor and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting and/or characterizing molecular interactions between two molecules, in particular two proteins and most particular between an antigen and an antibody by using an immobilized single-stranded nucleic acid molecule to which single-stranded nucleic acid molecules having a ligand attached thereto are hybridized.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sequencing of nucleic acids. A method is provided for sequencing based on immobilized nucleic acid on a surface. Advantageously, a long range detection mechanism is used for detecting, whether a nucleotide provided to the substrate of a biochip has been incorporated into the immobilized template nucleic acid. Various different alignment means are provided by the present invention which can be used for facilitating a rigidly locking of the orientation of the DNA complex, which complex comprises the template nucleic acid, the primer and the capture nucleic acid. Various different linker systems may be used to immobilize the DNA complex at a first and a second strand end, such that the desired alignment of the DNA complex is achieved. Also co-adsorbed molecules on the substrate surface can be used for such an aligning measure.

Abstract: Arrangements are described for evaluating characteristics of target molecules. A biochip is received which includes a substrate to which charged probe molecules are attached. The probe molecules have a marker to allow generating signals indicative of the distance of a portion of the probe molecule from the substrate. The signals are detected and means for an external electric field is generated to which the probe molecules are exposed. A control means acts to: (A) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to approach the substrate, and (B) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to move away from the substrate. The signal is recorded as a function of time during step (A) and/or step (B). Steps (A) and (B) are repeated for a predetermined number of times and the recorded signals are combined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a nucleotide at a defined position and determining the sequence of a target polynucleotide using an electro-switchable biosensor, as well as devices comprising an electro-switchable biosensor and uses thereof.

Abstract: Arrangements are described for evaluating characteristics of target molecules. A biochip is received which includes a substrate to which charged probe molecules are attached. The probe molecules have a marker to allow generating signals indicative of the distance of a portion of the probe molecule from the substrate. The signals are detected and means for an external electric field is generated to which the probe molecules are exposed. A control means acts to: (A) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to approach the substrate, and (B) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to move away from the substrate. The signal is recorded as a function of time during step (A) and/or step (B). Steps (A) and (B) are repeated for a predetermined number of times and the recorded signals are combined.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sequencing of nucleic acids. A method is provided for sequencing based on immobilized nucleic acid on a surface. Advantageously, a long range detection mechanism is used for detecting, whether a nucleotide provided to the substrate of a biochip has been incorporated into the immobilized template nucleic acid. Various different alignment means are provided by the present invention which can be used for facilitating a rigidly locking of the orientation of the DNA complex, which complex comprises the template nucleic acid, the primer and the capture nucleic acid. Various different linker systems may be used to immobilize the DNA complex at a first and a second strand end, such that the desired alignment of the DNA complex is achieved. Also co-adsorbed molecules on the substrate surface can be used for such an aligning measure.

Abstract: Arrangements are described for evaluating characteristics of target molecules. A biochip is received which includes a substrate to which charged probe molecules are attached. The probe molecules have a marker to allow generating signals indicative of the distance of a portion of the probe molecule from the substrate. The signals are detected and means for an external electric field is generated to which the probe molecules are exposed. A control means acts to: (A) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to approach the substrate, and (B) apply an external electric field causing the portion of the probe molecule to move away from the substrate. The signal is recorded as a function of time during step (A) and/or step (B). Steps (A) and (B) are repeated for a predetermined number of times and the recorded signals are combined.

Abstract: A device for quantitatively determining an analyte is provided to conspicuously improve the performance of the quantitative determination. This device is equipped with a flow channel, an analyte detecting unit for capturing and detecting the analyte, and a quantitative measurement unit for quantitatively determining the analyte, wherein a signal generated when the analyte detecting unit has detected the analyte is divided into a plurality of parts in the direction of the flow in the flow channel at the quantitative measurement unit for processing. Also provided are technologies including one for controlling the density of molecules attached to the surface of a solid. In these technologies, when molecules are attached to a substrate, the density of attached molecules is controlled, by having an electrolyte also present in a solution containing the molecules to adjust the screening effect by the electrolyte, and by taking into consideration the effective size of a molecule.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technique that can adjust a molecular density of the film of functional molecules (e.g. DNA molecules), which is utilized for biochips such as DNA chip, to a desired degree efficiently and easily. The method for producing a molecular film with an adjusted density according to the present invention includes forming a molecular film and adjusting a molecular density. In the forming a molecular film, a molecular film composed of molecules is formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the molecule includes a region capable of binding to the conductive substrate at least in a portion thereof. In the density adjusting, a molecular density of the molecular film is adjusted by desorbing a part of the molecules which make up the molecular film from the conductive substrate.

Abstract: In an analyte evaluation method for evaluating an analyte, AC voltage is applied between a substrate electrode on a substrate and a counter electrode, and signals obtained from a marker provided on an analyte bound to the substrate electrode are observed, wherein the frequency of the AC voltage is changed and the behavior of the average value of the marker signals is observed. A novel, highly-selective, low-noise method of evaluating a object of evaluation is thus achieved.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a target molecule bound to a probe molecule provided with a marker includes: applying AC voltage between a working electrode provided on a substrate and a counter electrode; and using a signal obtained from the marker on the probe molecule bound to the working electrode when a frequency of the AC voltage is varied, or an average value of the signal, to determine at least one of a Stokes radius or molecular weight of the target molecule, a binding rate between the probe molecule and the target molecule, a binding rate constant therebetween, a dissociation rate therebetween, and a dissociation rate constant therebetween.

Abstract: A device for quantitatively determining an analyte is provided to conspicuously improve the performance of the quantitative determination. This device is equipped with a flow channel, an analyte detecting unit for capturing and detecting the analyte, and a quantitative measurement unit for quantitatively determining the analyte, wherein a signal generated when the analyte detecting unit has detected the analyte is divided into a plurality of parts in the direction of the flow in the flow channel at the quantitative measurement unit for processing. Also provided are technologies including one for controlling the density of molecules attached to the surface of a solid. In these technologies, when molecules are attached to a substrate, the density of attached molecules is controlled, by having an electrolyte also present in a solution containing the molecules to adjust the screening effect by the electrolyte, and by taking into consideration the effective size of a molecule.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a target molecule bound to a probe molecule provided with a marker includes: applying AC voltage between a working electrode provided on a substrate and a counter electrode; and using a signal obtained from the marker on the probe molecule bound to the working electrode when a frequency of the AC voltage is varied, or an average value of the signal, to determine at least one of a Stokes radius or molecular weight of the target molecule, a binding rate between the probe molecule and the target molecule, a binding rate constant therebetween, a dissociation rate therebetween, and a dissociation rate constant therebetween.

Abstract: In an analyte evaluation method for evaluating an analyte, AC voltage is applied between a substrate electrode on a substrate and a counter electrode, and signals obtained from a marker provided on an analyte bound to the substrate electrode are observed, wherein the frequency of the AC voltage is changed and the behavior of the average value of the marker signals is observed. A novel, highly-selective, low-noise method of evaluating a object of evaluation is thus achieved.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technique that can adjust a molecular density of the film of functional molecules (e.g. DNA molecules), which is utilized for biochips such as DNA chip, to a desired degree efficiently and easily. The method for producing a molecular film with an adjusted density according to the present invention includes forming a molecular film and adjusting a molecular density. In the forming a molecular film, a molecular film composed of molecules is formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the molecule includes a region capable of binding to the conductive substrate at least in a portion thereof. In the density adjusting, a molecular density of the molecular film is adjusted by desorbing a part of the molecules which make up the molecular film from the conductive substrate.

Abstract: A device for quantitatively determining an analyte is provided to conspicuously improve the performance of the quantitative determination. This device is equipped with a flow channel, an analyte detecting unit for capturing and detecting the analyte, and a quantitative measurement unit for quantitatively determining the analyte, wherein a signal generated when the analyte detecting unit has detected the analyte is divided into a plurality of parts in the direction of the flow in the flow channel at the quantitative measurement unit for processing. Also provided are technologies including one for controlling the density of molecules attached to the surface of a solid. In these technologies, when molecules are attached to a substrate, the density of attached molecules is controlled, by having an electrolyte also present in a solution containing the molecules to adjust the screening effect by the electrolyte, and by taking into consideration the effective size of a molecule.