Abstract: A photometer for measuring photometric magnitudes in a liquid medium includes a housing adapted to be introduced into the medium for on-site measurements; and light-emitting measuring beam transmitter and receiver that are arranged behind opposing measuring windows in a measuring slot in the housing, in which the slot is open to the medium. A measuring beam is generated in a measuring conduit in the measuring slot. A reference conduit is included for a reference measurement which is separate from the measuring conduit. At least one carrier part for the measuring beam transmitter and the measuring beam receiver is provided to move on a given path in the housing. The carrier part is constructed to move on the given path from the measuring conduit to the reference conduit and back, for measuring intensity values of the measuring beam in the measuring conduit and in the reference conduit.

Abstract: A photometer for measuring photometric magnitudes in a liquid medium includes a housing adapted to be introduced into the medium for on-site measurements; and light-emitting measuring beam transmitter and receiver that are arranged behind opposing measuring windows in a measuring slot in the housing, in which the slot is open to the medium. A measuring beam is generated in a measuring conduit in the measuring slot. A reference conduit is included for a reference measurement which is separate from the measuring conduit. At least one carrier part for the measuring beam transmitter and the measuring beam receiver is provided to move on a given path in the housing. The carrier part is constructed to move on the given path from the measuring conduit to the reference conduit and back, for measuring intensity values of the measuring beam in the measuring conduit and in the reference conduit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical measuring device, more particularly for measuring turbidity in a medium comprising a housing, more particularly of metal, at least one sensor arranged in the housing including at least one radiation source for beaming at least one optical beam into the medium to be investigated, and at least one detector for detecting the scattering or reflections of the beam in the medium, at least one optically transparent element in a housing wall for beam emergence/incidence from/into the housing, at least one vibrator mechanical coupled at least to the optically transparent element, wherein a) the vibrator is arranged between the sensor and the optically transparent element, and b1) the vibrator contains at least one opening or passageway for beam passage and/or b2) the beam is steered between and through parts of the vibrator(s) into/out of the housing. This achieves a compact optical measuring device for reliable measurement even in heavily polluted media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular measuring system (10) comprising at least one measuring location having sensors, at least one connection module (18a, 18b, 18c), which is provided at the measuring location and which is preferably located in a housing (20) and is used to connect sensors, at least one communications port to connect sensors and at least one input/output unit (12), at least one element that is provided at the measuring location and that has an identification code for the input/output unit one electronic module that is provided in the input/output unit, that is controlled on the basis of the identification code, and that is used for the functions of the I/O elements (14, 16) of the input/output unit. Defining the functions of the input/output unit by means of the identification code provided at the measuring location largely prevents improper operation of the input/output unit.

Abstract: Two different types of data transfer are provided. The first type of data transfer takes place between a data transfer device and each individual measuring point. This first type of data transfer requires close physical relation between the data transfer device and the measuring point. The measuring point is provided with a marker, or a marker is retrieved, within the framework of this data transfer. Then a second type of data transfer between a central control and the measuring point is realized. Measurement data, control data, and, if necessary, configuration data are transferred within the framework of this second data transfer. The marker can be made application specific or sample specific by means of this procedure of the measurement arrangement, that is, it is possible to allocate markers which refer to the application. Furthermore, the measurement arrangement makes sample management and documentation possible without expensive editing processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical measuring device, more particularly for measuring turbidity in a medium comprising a housing, more particularly of metal, at least one sensor arranged in the housing including at least one radiation source for beaming at least one optical beam into the medium to be investigated, and at least one detector for detecting the scattering or reflections of the beam in the medium, at least one optically transparent element in a housing wall for beam emergence/incidence from/into the housing, at least one vibrator mechanical coupled at least to the optically transparent element, wherein a) the vibrator is arranged between the sensor and the optically transparent element, and b1) the vibrator contains at least one opening or passageway for beam passage and/or b2) the beam is steered between and through parts of the vibrator(s) into/out of the housing. This achieves a compact optical measuring device for reliable measurement even in heavily polluted media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular measuring system (10) comprising

Abstract: A process for avoiding error in determining the gas consumption of a sample located in a closed container. An automatic avoidance of error during the phase of adaptation of the sample to the temperature level in an incubator is achieved by monitoring the container pressure before the beginning of measurement in a test phase, and the measurement values for the measurement of the gas consumption are to be evaluated from the reference time point at which the pressure variation over time in the container lies within a predetermined value range.