Abstract: A continuous winding method produces a continuously wound electrical device, such an undulator. A continuous tape is wound about a series of turn around pins and in grooves in a magnetic core. A plurality of winding stacks are created, each transitioning to the next sequential stack by a transition tape portion extending from one turn around pin to the next turn around pin, which is position opposite with regard to the location of the pin on the magnetic core.

Abstract: A continuous winding method produces a continuously wound electrical device, such an undulator. A continuous tape is wound about a series of turn around pins and in grooves in a magnetic core. A plurality of winding stacks are created, each transitioning to the next sequential stack by a transition tape portion extending from one turn around pin to the next turn around pin, which is position opposite with regard to the location of the pin on the magnetic core.

Abstract: A method comprising irradiating a polycrystalline rare earth metal-alkaline earth metal-transition metal-oxide superconductor layer with protons having an energy of 1 to 6 MeV. The irradiating process produces an irradiated layer that comprises randomly dispersed defects with an average diameter in the range of 1-10 nm.

Abstract: A method comprising irradiating a polycrystalline rare earth metal-alkaline earth metal-transition metal-oxide superconductor layer with protons having an energy of 1 to 6 MeV. The irradiating process produces an irradiated layer that comprises randomly dispersed defects with an average diameter in the range of 1-10 nm.

Abstract: A method, system and article of manufacture for amplification of light for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The method and system include a source of input light, a grating with grooves therein, a nanoparticle array disposed in the grooves with the nanoparticles and grating having a variety of selectable parameters. The combination of the nanoparticles and selected characteristics, including generating hot spots, and the features of the grating enable enhanced amplification of the input light signal to provide an output Raman signal of greatly increased intensity for Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method, system and article of manufacture for amplification of light for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The method and system include a source of input light, a grating with grooves therein, a nanoparticle array disposed in the grooves with the nanoparticles and grating having a variety of selectable parameters. The combination of the nanoparticles and selected characteristics, including generating hot spots, and the features of the grating enable enhanced amplification of the input light signal to provide an output Raman signal of greatly increased intensity for Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: A heterojunction photovoltaic cell. The cell includes a nanoporous substrate, a transparent conducting oxide disposed on the nanoporous substrate, a nanolaminate film deposited on the nanoporous substrate surface, a sensitizer dye disposed on a wide band gap semiconducting oxide and a redox shuttle positioned within the layer structure.

Abstract: A system includes a solid state source of THz radiation and a detector. The source of THz radiation may be based on a superconducting material, such as materials containing one or more Josephson junctions (e.g. BSCCO). The source may include a crystal of superconducting material on which a mesa of superconducting material is formed. The resonant coupling between the Josephson oscillations and the fundamental cavity mode of the mesa may lead to synchronization of the Josephson junctions and emission of powerful THz radiation. The mesa may be formed and/or handled such that THz radiation can be emitted by the material without requiring application of an external magnetic field (e.g. the mesa may include a non-uniform compositional gradient, a non-uniform shape, may have radiation non-uniformly applied to the mesa, etc.).

Abstract: A system includes a solid state source of THz radiation and a detector. The source of THz radiation may be based on a superconducting material, such as materials containing one or more Josephson junctions (e.g. BSCCO). The source may include a crystal of superconducting material on which a mesa of superconducting material is formed. The resonant coupling between the Josephson oscillations and the fundamental cavity mode of the mesa may lead to synchronization of the Josephson junctions and emission of powerful THz radiation. The mesa may be formed and/or handled such that THz radiation can be emitted by the material without requiring application of an external magnetic field (e.g. the mesa may include a non-uniform compositional gradient, a non-uniform shape, may have radiation non-uniformly applied to the mesa, etc.).

Abstract: A compact, solid-state THz source based on the driven Josephson vortex lattice in a highly anisotropic superconductor such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 that allows cw emission at tunable frequency. A second order metallic Bragg grating is used to achieve impedance matching and to induce surface emission of THz-radiation from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 sample. Steering of the emitted THz beam is accomplished by tuning the Josephson vortex spacing around the grating period using a superimposed magnetic control field.

Abstract: A compact, solid-state THz source based on the driven Josephson vortex lattice in a highly anisotropic superconductor such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 that allows cw emission at tunable frequency. A second order metallic Bragg grating is used to achieve impedance matching and to induce surface emission of THz-radiation from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 sample. Steering of the emitted THz beam is accomplished by tuning the Josephson vortex spacing around the grating period using a superimposed magnetic control field.

Abstract: A compact, solid-state THz source based on the driven Josephson vortex lattice in a highly anisotropic superconductor such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 that allows cw emission at tunable frequency. A second order metallic Bragg grating is used to achieve impedance matching and to induce surface emission of THz-radiation from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 sample. Steering of the emitted THz beam is accomplished by tuning the Josephson vortex spacing around the grating period using a superimposed magnetic control field.

Abstract: A heterojunction photovoltaic cell. The cell includes a nanoporous substrate, a transparent conducting oxide disposed on the nanoporous substrate, a nanolaminate film deposited on the nanoporous substrate surface, a sensitizer dye disposed on a wide band gap semiconducting oxide and a redox shuttle positioned within the layer structure.

Abstract: A compact, solid-state THz source based on the driven Josephson vortex lattice in a highly anisotropic superconductor such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 that allows cw emission at tunable frequency. A second order metallic Bragg grating is used to achieve impedance matching and to induce surface emission of THz-radiation from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 sample. Steering of the emitted THz beam is accomplished by tuning the Josephson vortex spacing around the grating period using a superimposed magnetic control field.

Abstract: This invention provides ways to fabricate nanotubes and nanobead arrays by utilizing nanopores in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Nanotubes of bismuth and other low melting point metals with controlled diameters and lengths can be fabricated by sintering AAO coated with appropriate metals at temperatures above their melting points. Carbon nanotubes may also be readily formed by carbonizing a polymer on the interior walls of the nanopores in AAO membranes. Palladium nanobead arrays which can be used as ultrafast hydrogen sensors are fabricated by coating the flat surface of AAO membranes with controlled pore-wall ratios.

Abstract: A device and method for mapping magnetic fields of a sample at a resolution less than the wavelength of light without altering the magnetic field of the sample is disclosed. A device having a tapered end portion with a magneto-optically active particle positioned at the distal end thereof in communication with a fiber optic for transferring incoming linearly polarized light from a source thereof to the particle and for transferring reflected light from the particle is provided. The fiber optic has a reflective material trapping light within the fiber optic and in communication with a light detector for determining the polarization of light reflected from the particle as a function of the strength and direction of the magnetic field of the sample.

Abstract: An optical current transducer configured to sense current in the conductor is disclosed. The optical current transducer includes a light source and a polarizer that generates linearly polarized light received from a the light source. The light is communicated to a magneto-optic garnet that includes, among other elements, bismuth, iron and oxygen and is coupled to the conductor. The magneto-optic garnet is configured to rotate the polarization of the linearly polarized light received from the polarizer. The optical current transducer also includes an analyzer in optical communication with the magneto-optic garnet. The analyzer detects the rotation of the linearly polarized light caused by the magneto-optic garnet.

Abstract: An optical current transducer configured to sense current in the conductor is disclosed. The optical current transducer includes a light source and a polarizer that generates linearly polarized light received from a the light source. The light is communicated to a magneto-optic garnet that includes, among other elements, bismuth, iron and oxygen and is coupled to the conductor. The magneto-optic garnet is configured to rotate the polarization of the linearly polarized light received from the polarizer. The optical current transducer also includes an analyzer in optical communication with the magneto-optic garnet. The analyzer detects the rotation of the linearly polarized light caused by the magneto-optic garnet.

Abstract: The invention concerns packaging for a dental x-ray film, comprising a light protective envelope to receive the dental x-ray film, said envelope having two tearaway strips and an envelope which protects against x-rays designed to hold a lead sheet that offers protection against x-rays. The light protective envelope is made from a moisture resistant material. The envelope which protects against x-rays is formed by a pocket on one of the lateral faces of the light protective envelope which is created by an additional side panel and is open on one side.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing a dental x-ray film which is packaged in a light-proof envelope having two covering surfaces, in which a tear strip is formed on the covering surfaces at an edge common to the package and the covering surfaces are joined to one another so as to be easily pulled apart at their two edges running parallel to the edge with the tear strips, the apparatus having a developing tank with a developing frame underneath an entry slot in which the dental x-ray film is to be inserted.