Abstract: A multi-beam charged particle system and a method of setting a working distance WD of the multi beam charged particle system are provided. With the method, the working distance is adjusted while the imaging performance of a wafer inspection task is maintained by computing parameter values of components from predetermined calibration parameter values. The method can allow a relatively fast wafer inspection task even with a wafer stage with a fixed z-position parallel to an optical axis of the multi-beam charged particle system.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of oil-in-water creams comprising the steps ofI forming a low-viscosity, very fine particle oil-in-water emulsion by heating the following composition to a temperature within or above its phase inversion temperature range:A) 1 part by weight of liquid oil component,B) from about 0.1 to about 0.5 parts by weight of at least one nonionic emulsifier having an HLB value of from 11 to 15,C) from about 0.1 to about 0.2 parts by weight of at least one co-emulsifier selected from saturated fatty alcohols containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms and partial esters of polyols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms with saturated fatty acids containing 143 to 22 carbon atoms, andD) from about 1 to about 6 parts by weight of water; andII thickening the emulsion from step I to the consistency of a cream by adding thereto at least one consistency generator selected from co-emulsifiers defined in step I C) above and water-soluble polymers, wherein the thickened emulsion exhibits plastic behavior at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkyl hydroxyalkyl orthophosphoric acid esters, particularly mixtures thereof, corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl groups and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a group R.sup.1 or a group --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--R.sup.2. The esters are prepared by reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with fatty alcohol and reaction of the phosphoric acid partial esters formed with long-chain .alpha.-epoxides. After conversion of the compounds corresponding to formula I, in which R.sup.3 is hydrogen, into the salt form, the new alkyl hydroxyalkyl orthophosphoric acid ester mixtures are particularly suitable as emulsifiers for oil-water emulsion.

Abstract: Amphoteric and zwitter-ionic phosphate surfactants corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## (a) in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl group, a group R.sup.4 (OC.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.x --, where n=2 to 4, x=1 to 6, and R.sup.4 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl group, or a group R.sup.5 --CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.m, where R.sup.5 is a C.sub.5 -C.sub.21 group and m=2 to 4; R.sup.2 is hydrogen; and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or a group --(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.x --H or --(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.x --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, where n=2 to 4 and x=1 to 6, or(b) in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 2-hydroxyalkyl group; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl group; and R.sup.3 is as defined above.to mixtures thereof with correspondingly substituted phosphate surfactants corresponding to formula (I), in which the --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group or groups are replaced by hydrogen; and to neutral and basic salts of the foregoing.

Abstract: N-substituted polyglycidyl urazole compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which the radicals R represent a glycidyl radical corresponding to the following general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or two of the radicals R represent a glycidyl radical of general formula II while the remaining radical R is a radical Z, other than said glycidyl radical, containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, heteroatoms, are useful in the treatment of various forms of leukemia.

Abstract: Oligopeptide derivates corresponding to the general formulaMOOC--CHR.sup.1 --CHR.sup.2 --COHN--R.sup.3 (I)in which one of the groups R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group while the other is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl group; R.sup.3 represents the residue of an oligopeptide which optionally contains other MOOC--CHR.sup.1 --CHR.sup.2 --CO-- groups attached to the nitrogen atom of basic amino acid side groups, and M represents hydrogen or an alkali, alkaline-earth, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-alkanolammonium ion, are produced by partial hydrolysis of an animal or vegetable protein to a hydrolyzate having an average molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000 and reaction of the hydrolyzate with a substituted succinic acid anhydride corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in the presence of a base at a pH value above 8. These oligopeptide derivatives are suitable for use as surfactants which are gentle to the skin.

Abstract: Block-copolymeric polyglycol ethers of long-chain 1,2-epoxides and ethylene oxide corresponding to the following general formulaR.sup.1 O[C.sub.n H.sub.2n O].sub.x [C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O].sub.x.y --R.sup.2in which one of the groups R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 is an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and the other is hydrogen, n is a number of from 6 to 22, x is a number of from 2 to 20 and y is a number of from 1 to 100, are useful as solution promoters for the preparation of clear, stable, aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic preparations containing oil-soluble perfume oils. Preferably, R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, for example a methyl group, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen.

Abstract: Diglycidyl-substituted pteridine compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n is the whole number 1 or 2, R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, and are either hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical, or together form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; processes for their preparation; and compositions and methods for their use as cytostatic agents.

Abstract: A 1,3-dialkyl-cyclohexane having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and straight chained or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl and R.sub.2 is a straight chained or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl; as well as a method of production and its use in cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: N-substituted-diglycidyl-isocyanurates having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrocarbon-containing radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl, optionally containing:(a) heterocycles except epoxides, and unsaturation, and(b) substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, N-substituted amino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, arylmercapto, alkylsulfoxy, arylsulfoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy and acyloxy,and R.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, as well as the method for preparing said N-substituted-diglycidyl-isocyanurates, therapeutic compositions with cytostatic action comprising said N-substituted-diglycidyl-isocyanurates, and a method of treatment of malignant neoplasias in warm-blooded animals by administering a therapeutically effective amount of said N-substituted-diglycidyl-isocyanurate.

Abstract: New cytostatic compounds based on isocyanuric acid derivatives having 2 or 3 epoxide group containing substituents on ring nitrogen atoms, of which at least one differs from a glycidyl, having the formula ##STR1## wherein Oxiranyl is the same or different and has the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and alkoxyalkyl and n in an integer from 1 to 8, with the proviso that if n is 1 in all oxiranyl groups, at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 is other than hydrogen, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of oxiranyl as defined above, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, hydrocarbon aryl, hydrocarbon aralkyl, hydrocarbon alkaryl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl, optionally containing substituents.When R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 denote alkyl or substituted alkyl in the oxiranyl radical, the alkyl radicals preferably have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Mono- and dicarboxylic acid esters of 1,2-dihydroxyalkanes of the formulae ##STR1## wherein A represents a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkylene having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 hydroxys, alkenylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, phenylene, alkylphenylene having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl; R.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: Polycarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic radical which is optionally substituted or interrupted by heteroatoms, and/or optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, n.gtoreq.0 and m.gtoreq.2, with the proviso that m.gtoreq.n and the total of n+m.gtoreq.3, and their use as emulsifying agents and cosmetic emulsions containing them.

Abstract: Stable, aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solutions of fat-soluble perfume oils or drugs, containing hydroxyalkyl ester- and/or N-(hydroxyalkyl)-amide-ethoxylates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or hydrogen, R.sub.3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group, X is an oxygen atom, the group >NH or the group >N--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m H, and n and m are integers of from 0 to 40, with the proviso that the total of the carbon atoms of R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 is from 6 to 20 and the total of the numbers n+m is a value from 6 to 40.

Abstract: Process for the rinsing of dishes in dishwashing machines having one or several clear-rinsing cycles using an aqueous solution of an adduct of from 2 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide and from 0 to 7 mols of propylene oxide to the monocarboxylic acid ester of an alkanediol with a linear alkane chain of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and having vicinal hydroxyls, as well as clear-rinsing concentrates for use in the process.

Abstract: A surface-active compound combination for use in textile washing agent compositions consisting essentially of(1) at least one tenside of the anionic sulfonate or sulfate type or non-ionic ethoxylated type, and(2) at least one hydroxyalkylamine having vicinal oxygen and nitrogen bridging atoms, ethoxylated/propoxylated derivatives thereof, acylated derivatives thereof, or ethoxylated/propoxylated acylated derivatives thereof, where the amount of component (1) to component (2) is in the weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:1. The surface-active compound composition is useful in preparation of low temperature detergents and low phosphate detergents.

Abstract: Stable, aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solutions of fat-soluble perfume oils or drugs, containing hydroxyalkyl ester- and/or N-(hydroxyalkyl)-amide-ethoxylates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or hydrogen, R.sub.3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group, X is an oxygen atom, the group >NH or the group >N--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m H, and n and m are integers of from 0 to 40, with the proviso that the total of the carbon atoms of R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 is from 6 to 20 and the total of the numbers n+m is a value from 6 to 40.

Abstract: A process for producing carboxylic acids having at least 5 carbon atoms in which a mixture of vicinal diols having at least 6 carbon atoms with 0.01 to 0.5 mol per cent of heavy metal compound catalyst is continuously introduced, in an amount and at a rate such that the reaction is maintained, into an initiated mixture of vicinal diols having at least 6 carbon atoms, carboxylic acids formed therefrom and a heavy metal compound catalyst, which is contacted with an oxygen containing stream of gas, the reaction being carried out at temperatures between 40.degree. C and 200.degree. C, preferably 60.degree. C to 140.degree. C, and the oxidation mixture is continuously drawn off.

Abstract: A process for the oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols having more than 2 carbon atoms in the presence of catalytic amounts of a heavy metal catalyst.