Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing reflectors from glass or glass ceramics comprising the steps of: molding a reflector being open to the outside and having a closed bottom in a mold at a temperature above the transformation temperature; placing the reflector in a recess of a holder; heating up the reflector in the area of its bottom; lifting the bottom of the reflector from below using a die; punching out at least one opening from the bottom by moving at least one plunger into at least one matching opening in the die.

Abstract: The optical diffuser has a transparent base body with a base body surface, which is divided into facets. Each facet has an elevation or a depression correlated or associated with a second curved surface. Respective facets have correspondingly different geometrical shapes. In some embodiments the respective apexes (S) of the elevations or depressions are arranged along a spiral, especially an Archimedean spiral. In other embodiments the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived by rotation of coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by an arrangement of facets with regular hexagonal edge contours, about a center (0, 0) through a twist angle (?). Alternatively the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived from coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by the arrangement of facets with regular hexagonal edge contours, by random variations with the help of a Monte Carlo method.

Abstract: The optical diffuser has a transparent base body with a base body surface, which is divided into facets. Each facet has an elevation or a depression correlated or associated with a second curved surface. Respective facets have correspondingly different geometrical shapes. In some embodiments the respective apexes (S) of the elevations or depressions are arranged along a spiral, especially an Archimedean spiral. In other embodiments the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived by rotation of coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by an arrangement of facets with regular hexagonal edge contours, about a center (0, 0) through a twist angle (?). Alternatively the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived from coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by the arrangement of facets with regular hexagonal edge contours, by random variations with the help of a Monte Carlo method.

Abstract: The optical diffuser has a transparent base body with a first surface, which is divided into facets. Each facet has an elevation or a depression correlated or associated with a second curved surface. Respective facets have correspondingly different geometrical shapes. In some embodiments the respective apexes (S) of the elevations or depressions are arranged along a spiral, especially an Archimedian spiral. In other embodiments the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived by rotation of coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by an arrangement of facets with a regular hexagonal edge contour, about a center (0, 0) through a twist angle (?). Alternatively the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived from coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by the arrangement of facets with the regular hexagonal edge contour, by random variations with the help of a Monte Carlo method.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing reflectors from glass or glass ceramics comprising the steps of: molding a reflector being open to the outside and having a closed bottom in a mold at a temperature above the transformation temperature; placing the reflector in a recess of a holder; heating up the reflector in the area of its bottom; lifting the bottom of the reflector from below using a die; punching out at least one opening from the bottom by moving at least one plunger into at least one matching opening in the die.

Abstract: The optical diffuser has a transparent base body with a first surface, which is divided into facets. Each facet has an elevation or a depression correlated or associated with a second curved surface. Respective facets have correspondingly different geometrical shapes. In some embodiments the respective apexes (S) of the elevations or depressions are arranged along a spiral, especially an Archimedian spiral. In other embodiments the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived by rotation of coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by an arrangement of facets with a regular hexagonal edge contour, about a center (0, 0) through a twist angle (?). Alternatively the apexes (S) are defined by coordinates (xs?, ys?) derived from coordinates (xp, yp) of all points (P), which are defined by the arrangement of facets with the regular hexagonal edge contour, by random variations with the help of a Monte Carlo method.

Abstract: The invention envisages a light-generating apparatus that provides effective cooling of the reflector, the apparatus comprising a reflector and a device for improving the dissipation of heat from the reflector.

Abstract: A method and a device whereby optical glass articles can be produced economically and can be reproduced at a high level of contour accuracy and surface quality. The cost effective press technology that is suitable for mass production is maintained, while at the same time, avoiding the associated disadvantages. A multi-phase press process is utilized whereby the final geometry of the blank is achieved iteratively. Accordingly, a pre-blank is produced from a gob of glass that is fed by way of a feeding device to a press device. The press device is a pre-press including a pre-press punch. The pre-press device produces a blank whose geometry, while coming close, does not yet correspond with the desired final geometry. This first press step is followed by a second one, whereby the pre-blank is transformed into the end product. The press process is broken down into two individual press steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflector, which exhibits a silver-containing layer on the exterior. A reflector, which is coated in such a way, transmits no UV rays through the housing.