Abstract: Provided herein are novel electrodes for use, such as, for example, in electrochemical energy storage systems (i.e., Li-ion secondary batteries), fuel cells, secondary batteries based on hydrogen storage and ultracapacitors. The electrodes include carbon nanotubes attached to metal foil. In some embodiments, an ultracapacitor device is provided. The ultracapacitor device contains, inter alia, the novel electrodes described herein. In still other embodiments, a method of synthesizing the electrodes described herein is provided. Carbon nanotubes are deposited on a metal foil and amorphous carbon is removed.