Abstract: An air conditioning piping system of the disclosure includes a refrigerant pipe made of a plastic material and configured to provide a fluid flow between components constituting an air conditioning system; at least one connection flange made of the plastic material and configured to provide a connection between the refrigerant pipe and components constituting the air conditioner system; and at least one charging port made of the plastic material and having a charging valve configured to inject a refrigerant into the refrigerant pipe.

Abstract: A tape cleaning apparatus for a tape recorder includes a cleaning member fixed on one side of the tape running path and a cleaning roller for pressing the tape toward the cleaning member. The tape recorder adopting such cleaning apparatus can remove foreign matter attached to the tape, so as to improve the running performance of the tape and prevent damage to the tape.

Abstract: A tape back-tension mechanism for a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus provides an instantaneous and secure braking force during mode shifting. In the mechanism, a take-up reel table includes a reel gear and a reel disk coupled to the reel gear and frictionally rotated by the reel gear. A predetermined force is applied to the take-up reel disk to prevent a magnetic tape from becoming loose due to the inertia created when a reel gear of a supply reel table stops during the shifting of the operational mode. Each of the reel disks accommodate a reel of a tape cassette. Further, the mechanism includes a fixed gear constantly engaged with a take-up reel gear, a floating gear constantly engaged with the fixed gear, the floating gear alternatively engaging and disengaging the take-up reel gear, and a connection lever for connecting the fixed gear and the floating gear.