Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods having application in the field of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In particular, the compounds, compositions, and methods provided can be used for the recovery of a large range of crude oil compositions from challenging reservoirs.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods having application in the field of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In particular, the compounds, compositions, and methods provided can be used for the recovery of a large range of crude oil compositions from challenging reservoirs.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to surfactants with small hydrophobes, which are of non-conventional hydrophobe size. The surfactants of the present invention utilize a small hydrophobic moiety with a polvalkoxylate chain comprising PO, BO and/or EO groups, with optional ionic groups, such as anionic, cationic and zwitterionic, to achieve the desired hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). The present invention is further directed to formulations comprising the surfactants of the invention, and methods of using the surfactants of the invention, including in enhanced oil recovery applications.

Abstract: Provided herein are inter alia novel compositions and methods having application in the field of enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: A process for reacting, in the presence of a particular calcium containing catalyst, an amine having an active hydrogen and one or more of a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid.

Abstract: A process for reacting, in the presence of a particular calcium containing catalyst, an amine having an active hydrogen and one or more of a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxylation catalyst suitable for alkoxylating compounds that includes mixing a calcium-containing compound in a dispersing medium having a boiling point less that 160° C. with a carboxylic acid and an inorganic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: A process for producing a surfactant composition by partially saponifying an alkoxylated triglyceride having the formula: with an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and in the presence of from 5 to 10% free water, removing water by heating and recovering a surfactant composition comprising soap and moisturizing agents comprised of alkoxylated monoglycerides and unreacted alkoxylated triglycerides.

Abstract: A surfactant composition useful in soil remediation comprising compounds having the structure: 1

Abstract: A process for alkoxylating an organic carbonate wherein an alkylene oxide is reacted with an organic carbonate such as a dialkyl carbonate in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a calcium-containing catalyst to produce alkoxylated carbonates.

Abstract: A process for producing a surfactant composition by partially saponifying an alkoxylated triglyceride having the formula: ##STR1## with an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and recovering a surfactant composition comprising soap and moisturizing agents comprised of alkoxylated monoglycerides and unreacted alkoxylated triglycerides.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of compounds of formula I ##STR1## comprising reacting the alkylarylsulfonyl chloride with an N-alkylglucamine. The compounds are useful surfactants.

Abstract: A process for preparing a surfactant composition comprising reacting an N-alkylpolyhydroxyamine and an alkoxylated triglyceride of a fatty acid to produce a mixture of a polyhydroxy-fatty amide, an alkoxylated monoglyceride of a fatty acid, and an alkoxylated diglyceride of a fatty acid, the resulting mixture providing a water soluble surfactant composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are surfactant compositions comprising a compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is a short chain alkyl group and Ar is an aryl group having 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxylation catalyst suitable for alkoxylating compounds such as active hydrogen-containing compounds wherein an alkoxylated alcohol mixture, a calcium-containing compound that is at least partially dispersible in the alkoxylated alcohol mixture, and a carboxylic acid are mixed together to produce a calcium-containing composition having titratable alkalinity, the composition being obtained under conditions to prevent loss of water, the composition being at least partially neutralized with an inorganic acid under conditions to prevent loss of water to produce a partially neutralized calcium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing alkali metal isethionate ethoxylates by reacting an alkali metal isethionate and a polyol, the mole ratio of polyol to alkali metal isethionate being greater than about 7:1, the reaction mixture produced being neutralized with a non-oxidizing inorganic acid to produce a neutralized reaction mixture from which the alkali metal isethionate ethoxylate is recovered.

Abstract: A process for sulfonating internal olefins wherein a dilute solution of the internal olefins in an inert hydrocarbon solvent is sulfonated to produce a reaction mixture containing intermediate sulfonated compounds, the intermediate sulfonated compounds in the reaction mixture being neutralized under conditions to form neutralized sulfonated compounds, the neutralized sulfonated compounds in the reaction mixture being hydrolyzed to form a product mixture containing hydroxy alkane sulfonates and alkene sulfonates that are then recovered.

Abstract: A process for producing alkoxylated mono-, di-, and tri-esters in which a starting material ester and an alkylene oxide are reacted in the presence of selected calcium based catalysts.

Abstract: A process for clarifying an alkoxylated product mixture produced using a calcium-based catalyst wherein the product mixture is heated to a temperature of from about 80.degree. C. to about 175.degree. C. to produce a filtration feed, the filtration feed being passed through a filter medium comprising material possessing polar groups to produce a clarified filtrate, the filtration feed being passed through the filter medium within about 5 days of being prepared, the filtration feed being passed through the filter medium until the desired degree of clarification is obtained, the temperature of the clarified filtrate being less than about 30.degree. C. but above the pour point of the clarified filtrate.

Abstract: A process for producing alkoxylated methyl esters to produce a narrow homolog distribution of the alkoxylate species in which a staring material methyl ester and an alkylene oxide are reacted in the presence of selected calcium based catalysts.