Abstract: A sensor package may include a sensor housing unit and a first sensor that may acquire a first set of measurements within a first measurement range. The sensor package may also include a second sensor configured to acquire a second set of measurements within a second measurement range. The first measurement range and the second measurement range may include an overlapping range used to calibrate the first set of measurements, the second set of measurements, or both.

Abstract: A method for depositing a hydrophilic and electrically conductive layer onto a bipolar plate substrate for a fuel cell in a one step process. The method includes mixing a solution of a conductive material, such as gold particles, and a hydrophilic material, such as silicon dioxide particles, in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol. The solution is then deposited on the bipolar plate substrate by any suitable low cost process. Once the solution dries and the ethanol has evaporated, a thin layer of the conductive and hydrophilic particles remains on the substrate. In one embodiment, the conductive particles are significantly larger than the hydrophilic particles to provide both the desirable hydrophilicity and the low contact resistance.

Abstract: A method for depositing a hydrophilic and electrically conductive layer onto a bipolar plate substrate for a fuel cell in a one step process. The method includes mixing a solution of a conductive material, such as gold particles, and a hydrophilic material, such as silicon dioxide particles, in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol. The solution is then deposited on the bipolar plate substrate by any suitable low cost process. Once the solution dries and the ethanol has evaporated, a thin layer of the conductive and hydrophilic particles remains on the substrate. In one embodiment, the conductive particles are significantly larger than the hydrophilic particles to provide both the desirable hydrophilicity and the low contact resistance.

Abstract: A stainless steel flow field plate for a fuel cell that includes a layer of titanium or titanium oxide and a layer of titanium oxide/ruthenium oxide that makes the plate conductive and hydrophilic. In one embodiment, titanium is deposited on the surface of a stainless steel bipolar plate as a metal or an oxide using a suitable process, such as PVD or CVD. A solution of ruthenium chloride in ethanol is brushed on the titanium layer. The plate is then calcinated to provide a dimensionally stable titanium oxide/ruthenium oxide layer on the stainless steel that is hydrophilic and electrically conductive in the fuel cell environment.