Abstract: An article including a spinal prosthesis having a unitary body with at least three attachment points attachable to spinal structure, the unitary body including a flexure assembly positioned between first and second attachment members, wherein flexure of the flexure assembly permits movement of the first attachment member relative to the second attachment member.

Abstract: A spinal prosthesis including a first spinal attachment member attachable to a first posterior portion of a spinal structure, a second spinal attachment member attachable to a second posterior portion of the spinal structure, the first and second posterior portions being adjacent superiorly-inferiorly to one another, and a connector element attached to the first spinal attachment member, wherein the second spinal attachment member includes an interface portion that passes through an elongate aperture formed in the connector element so as to permit rotational and translational movement of the second spinal attachment member with respect to the connector element.

Abstract: Apparatus including a first spinal prosthetic member that may articulate with a second spinal prosthetic member, the first and second spinal prosthetic members flexing relative to one another about a lateral-medial axis corresponding to a lateral-medial axis of a body, and a flexure limiting member attached to the first and second spinal prosthetic members that limits flexure about the lateral-medial axis.

Abstract: Apparatus including a first spinal prosthetic member attachable to a first spinal structure, a second spinal prosthetic member attachable to a second spinal structure and articulating with the first spinal prosthetic member to form an articulating assembly, and pedicle screw mounting members extending outwards from the first and second spinal prosthetic members, at least one of the pedicle screw mounting members being movably attached to the first and second spinal prosthetic members such that the at least one pedicle screw mounting member has at least two different attachment orientations with respect to reference axes defined on one of the spinal prosthetic members.

Abstract: Spinal apparatus including reference structure spatially fixed relative to a plurality of pedicle screws that are mounted in adjacent vertebrae of a patient, and a device connected to the reference structure which is adapted to install an anterior spinal prosthesis, wherein the reference structure defines a spatial relationship between the anterior spinal prosthesis and a posterior spinal prosthesis attached to the pedicle screws.

Abstract: A spinal disc nucleus replacement including an elastomeric sheath (12) assembled around a rod (14), a portion of the sheath being arranged for sliding along the rod, and a sheath compactor (18) adapted to slide a portion of the sheath along the rod from a first position to a second position, wherein in the first position the sheath is in a non-expanded orientation and in the second position the sheath is in an expanded orientation wherein folds of the sheath expand radially outwards from the rod.

Abstract: An article including a spinal prosthesis having a unitary body with at least three attachment points attachable to spinal structure, the unitary body including a flexure assembly positioned between first and second attachment members, wherein flexure of the flexure assembly permits movement of the first attachment member relative to the second attachment member.

Abstract: Apparatus including a first spinal prosthetic member attachable to a first spinal structure, and a second spinal prosthetic member attachable to a second spinal structure, the first and second spinal prosthetic members being movably attached to one another with a fastening device, the fastening device having a non-tightened position which permits spatial movement of the first and second spinal prosthetic members with respect to one another at a desired orientation, and a tightened position which fixes the first and second spinal prosthetic members at the desired orientation.

Abstract: An article including a spinal prosthesis having a unitary body with at least three attachment points attachable to spinal structure, the unitary body including a flexure assembly positioned between first and second attachment members, wherein flexure of the flexure assembly permits movement of the first attachment member relative to the second attachment member.

Abstract: An article including a facet prosthesis at least partially mounted in a lumen artificially formed between superior and inferior halves of a facet joint, and an elastomeric cushioning element disposed in the facet prosthesis.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis including a first articulating member formed with a generally concave articulating surface, and a second articulating member formed with a generally convex articulating surface which articulates with the concave articulating surface, the first and second articulating members each having a generally planar attachment surface for attachment to spine structure, wherein the first articulating member includes a contour defined by a cutting surface that cuts through a portion of the first articulating member at a non-zero angle relative to its attachment surface, and the second articulating member includes a contour defined by a cutting surface that cuts through a portion of the second articulating member at a non-zero angle relative to its attachment surface.

Abstract: An article including a spinal prosthesis having a unitary body with at least three attachment points attachable to spinal structure, the unitary body including a flexure assembly positioned between first and second attachment members, wherein flexure of the flexure assembly permits movement of the first attachment member relative to the second attachment member.

Abstract: An article including a facet prosthesis at least partially mounted in a lumen artificially formed between superior and inferior halves of a facet joint, and an elastomeric cushioning element disposed in the facet prosthesis.

Abstract: A concave radius gauge including a contact probe arranged for moving in and out of a cavity formed in a gauge body, the contact probe having a probe contact point and the gauge body having two gauge contact points for contacting a concave surface that has a radius of curvature, and a distance sensor adapted to sense a distance that the contact probe protrudes beyond the gauge body while at a contact position, the contact position being defined by the probe contact point and the two gauge contact points all contacting the concave surface, wherein the radius of curvature of the concave surface is calculable as a function of the distance.

Abstract: An article including a prosthetic patellar implant attachable to a posterior portion of a patella and including an elastomeric cushioning element adapted for articulation with articular surfaces posterior to the patella, the elastomeric cushioning element including an inner elastomeric layer and an outer elastomeric layer.

Abstract: A spinal disc prosthesis including an outer case adapted for attachment to spinal structure of a body, a cartridge removably mounted in the outer case, and a shock absorbing core within the cartridge.

Abstract: An elastomeric cover for an orthopedic implant, the elastomeric cover having a seamless articulating surface which is at least part of a three-dimensional curved surface, wherein a cross-section of a portion of the seamless articulating surface subtends an arc greater than 180 degrees. Methods for forming the elastomeric cover are disclosed.