Abstract: A system of ultrasound based cellular stimulation may include a stimulation apparatus and a stimulation controller. The stimulation apparatus may include a transducer element formed from a single crystal piezoelectric material such as lithium niobate. The stimulation apparatus may deliver high magnitudes of acoustic pressure relative to its dimensions (e.g., size, weight, and/or the like) and without significant heating. The stimulation controller may determine a cellular response to ultrasound stimulation such as membrane deflection and transmembrane voltage change. The stimulation controller may determine, based on the predicted cellular response, parameters for an ultrasound stimulation treatment for a patient such as a magnitude and/or duration of an ultrasonic stimulus for achieving a desired magnitude of membrane deflection and/or transmembrane voltage changes.

Abstract: Provided and described are bacterial mechanosensory polypeptide and encoding polynucleotide products and compositions thereof, methods of expressing such polypeptides and polynucleotides in a cell type of interest, and methods of inducing and/or modifying the activity or function of various types of cells, including neurons, which express exogenous bacterial mechanosensory polypeptides, using ultrasound.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions featuring TRPA1 polypeptides and polynucleotides, methods for expressing such polypeptides and polynucleotides in a cell type of interest, and methods for inducing the activation of the TRPA1 polypeptide in neurons and other cell types using ultrasound.