Abstract: An optic system assists visualization of eye elements during ophthalmic surgery. The system has optic devices aimed at affecting light emitted by an ophthalmic microscope for observing an eye during surgery. This affecting can be by selecting the wavelength spectrum of the emitted light, tilting a light path of the emitted light and/or by changing the light path of the emitted light from the source to the eye under surgery.

Abstract: An optic system assists visualization of eye elements during ophthalmic surgery. The system has optic devices aimed at affecting light emitted by an ophthalmic microscope for observing an eye during surgery. This affecting can be by selecting the wavelength spectrum of the emitted light, tilting a light path of the emitted light and/or by changing the light path of the emitted light from the source to the eye under surgery.

Abstract: Supplemental reference surface devices are provided for use in three-dimensional modeling of intra-oral scenes using identifiable positional characteristics from structured illumination or other techniques. Reference surface devices having at least one substantially plane smooth non-polished face are disclosed for locating the positions of intra-oral features, and for stitching together separate 3D tiles according to the identifiable positional characteristics. Reference can be attached to an intra-oral feature in or adjacent to the imaged intra-oral scene. Disclosed are reference surface devices having orientation and position indicia, as well as reference surface devices having a multiplicity of faces distributed in spatial position and angular orientation to facilitate correlation of 2D images obtained by imaging systems in different positions.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards common focus energy emitters having a common focus energy source and including two or more energy source units each having a 3D concave primary reflector for reflecting energy into an energy beam focused at the common focus energy source, and a secondary optical element for shaping the energy beam into an exit beam component of the exit beam. The 3D concave primary reflectors bound a minor 3D concave section of an imaginary primary reflector ellipsoid of revolution having a primary reflector axis of revolution non-coaxial with the energy emitter axis. Each primary reflector axis of revolution includes a first focal point disposed at the common focus energy source and a second focal point where its associated energy source is disposed thereat.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards common focus energy emitters having a common focus energy source and including two or more energy source units each having a 3D concave primary reflector for reflecting energy into an energy beam focused at the common focus energy source, and a secondary optical element for shaping the energy beam into an exit beam component of the exit beam. The 3D concave primary reflectors bound a minor 3D concave section of an imaginary primary reflector ellipsoid of revolution having a primary reflector axis of revolution non-coaxial with the energy emitter axis. Each primary reflector axis of revolution includes a first focal point disposed at the common focus energy source and a second focal point where its associated energy source is disposed thereat.

Abstract: A method and a system for three-dimensional modeling of a three-dimensional scene features, are described. According to the present invention, a reference-image is captured from a known angle while an array of two-dimensional random patterns is projected onto a reference surface from another known angle. The reference image is turned in relation to the reference surface. Then, an image of the scene is captured while the array of two-dimensional random patterns is projected onto it from the same angles. By matching the patterns of these images and measuring the movement between the two projected patterns, the third dimension is computed using triangulation techniques.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: Spectral Band Separation (SBS) modules including at least one dichroic element for imaging at least two different still or video images along non co-directional lines of sight for imaging purposes including inter alia displaying multiple 2D images, displaying Extended Field Of View (EFOV) images, stereoscopic imaging, 3D image rendering, and the like. The SBS modules can be implemented as discrete optical attachments for mounting on a color camera module or alternatively can be integrally formed therewith.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes and features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: Spectral Band Separation (SBS) modules including at least one dichroic element for imaging at least two different still or video images along non co-directional lines of sight for imaging purposes including inter alia displaying multiple 2D images, displaying Extended Field Of View (EFOV) images, stereoscopic imaging, 3D image rendering, and the like. The SBS modules can be implemented as discrete optical attachments for mounting on a color camera module or alternatively can be integrally formed therewith.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes and features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes and features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: A method for creating three-dimensional models of intra-oral scenes and features. The intra-oral scene is illuminated by a two-dimensional array of structured illumination points, with anti-aliasing achieved by using stored two-dimensional patterns of pixels for anti-aliasing. Using a single camera to form images reduces the amount of apparatus necessary to introduce into the patient's mouth. Three-dimensional models are obtained from the single image by triangulation with a stored image of the structured illumination onto a reference surface such as a plane. Alternative methods include the use of “bar-coded” one-dimensional patterns.

Abstract: A device and a method for uniformly illuminating transparent or opaque objects while confining the illumination to those objects. The device consists of a radiation source and a transparent block. The device exploits total internal reflection to ensure that radiation introduced to the block by the radiation source propagates only within the block except where the block is in contact with the object to be illuminated. Where there is contact with the object, some of the radiation enters transparent objects, illuminating them from within or is diffusely reflected from opaque objects.

Abstract: A method of identifying a gemstone, particularly a diamond by: exciting the gemstone to cause it to emit luminescence radiation according to a luminescence spectrum unique to the respective gemstone, in which the luminescence intensity uniquely varies as a function of wavelength; measuring the level of the luminescence radiation at a plurality of preselected wavelengths of its luminescence spectrum; and utilizing the levels of the luminescence radiation at the preselected wavelenths to identify the respective gemstone and to distinguish it from other gemstones.