Abstract: A process for producing 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diols from 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-3-ones by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts, or by using metal hydrides.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of ?,?-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The ?,?-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and/or esterification catalysts. The ?,?-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and/or amidation catalyst. The source of ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.

Abstract: A process for producing 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diols from 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-3-ones by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts, or by using metal hydrides.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of ?,?-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The ?,?-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and/or esterification catalysts. The ?,?-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and/or amidation catalyst. The source of ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a compound of formula wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or alkoxy, R2 is hydrogen or a substituent which can be converted to hydrogen, and n is 0, 1 or 2, comprising hydrogenating a compound of formula wherein R1, R2 and n are as defined above, in the presence of a nickel or cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of ?,?-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The ?,?-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and/or esterification catalysts. The ?,?-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and/or amidation catalyst. The source of ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a compound of formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the preparation of aromatic amino compounds containing directly on the aryl ring or in a side chain one or more entities that may also undergo hydrogenation, such as carbon multiple bonds, nitrile groups, imino groups or carbonyl groups. The preparation is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of a phosphorus-modified noble metal catalyst. The invention relates also to the use of modified noble metal catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds containing carbon multiple bonds and/or substituted by nitrile, imino or carbonyl groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds by means of catalytic hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts of corresponding aromatic halonitro compounds, characterised in that a rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, platinum or palladium catalyst which is modified with an inorganic or organic phosphorus compound with a degree of oxidation of less than V, is used, in the presence of a vanadium compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds by means of catalytic hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts of corresponding aromatic halonitro compounds, characterised in that a rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, platinum or palladium catalyst which is modified with an inorganic or organic phosphorus compound with a degree of oxidation of less than V, is used, in the presence of a vanadium compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the prepn of ortho-sulfocarboxylic acids, which comprises: a) in a first reaction step, diazotizing an aromatic o-aminosulfonic acid in the presence of an acid and nitrite in water, in an organic solvent or in a mixture thereof, to an o-diazonium sulfonate, and, b) in a second reaction step, reacting the o-diazonium sulfonate in the presence of a palladium catalyst in water, in an organic solvent or in a mixture thereof, with carbon monoxide, under overpressure, to an aromatic o-sulfocarboxylic acid. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of sulfonylureas using o-sulfocarboxylic acids as intermediates. Thus, 4-methoxyaniline-2-sulfonic acid was diazotized and treated with CO to give 97% 4-methoxybenzoic acid 2-sulfonic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing substituted aromatic amino compounds which contain at least one unsaturated --CN bond or carbonyl group on the aromatic radical or in a side chain, by catalytic hydrogenation of appropriate substituted aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of a modified noble metal catalyst of platinum which is modified with a metal selected from lead, mercury, bismuth, germanium, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, silver and gold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic amino compounds which are substituted by a least one group comprising at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, by catalytic hydrogenation of corresponding aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of a modified noble metal catalyst, wherein the noble metal catalyst used is platinum modified with a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, mercury, bismuth, germanium, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, silver and gold, and to novel noble metal catalysts for use in this process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous medium of nicotinaldehyde by the catalytic reduction of 3-cyanopyridine under hydrogen in the presence of Raney-nickel.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 6-alkyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl-methyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-on e by the reaction of 4-amino-6-alkyl-3-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine with 3-cyanopyridine wherein the reaction is carried out under catalytic hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a Raney-nickel catalyst in an aqueous alcoholic medium, at a temperature between 0.degree. and 70.degree. C., at a pH of between 2 and 7, and in the presence of and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acid or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acid alkali metal salt or both, whereby the hydrogen pressure is between 0.1 and 10 bar.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous medium of nicotinaldehyde by the catalytic reduction of 3-cyanopyridine under hydrogen in the presence of Raney-nickel.

Abstract: (3-Fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)phenoxypropionic acids of formula I ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen, sodium or potassium, are prepared by reacting a compound of formula II ##STR2## wherein X and Y are as defined for formula I, in an anhydrous mixture of hydrogen fluoride, dimethylsulfoxide and a diazotising agent under normal pressure, and converting the diazonium fluoride so produced by thermal decomposition into the (3-fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)phenoxypropionic acid of formula I.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multi-step process for the preparation of benzenesulfonamides of general formula ##STR1## wherein R is 3,3-difluorobutyl or 3,3-difluorobuten-1-yl. The benzenesulfonamides obtainable by the process of the invention are intermediates for the synthesis of herbicidally active sulfonyl ureas.

Abstract: Novel substituted N-benzoyl-N'-2,5-dihalo-4-perfluoroalkoxyphenylureas of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine; R.sub.2 is fluorine or chlorine; each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is fluorine, chlorine or bromine; and n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, processes and intermediates for their prepraration, their use in pest control, and pesticidal compositions that contain at least one compound of formula I as active ingredient, are disclosed. The preferred field of application is the control of pests in and on animals and plants.

Abstract: In accordance with a novel process, 2,3-difluoropyridines of formula I ##STR1## wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, are prepared by diazotising a 3-amino-2-halopyridine of formula II ##STR2## wherein X is as defined for formula I and Y is bromine, chlorine or fluorine, in the presence of hydrogen fluroide, to give a 3-fluoro-2-halopyridine of formula III ##STR3## wherein X and Y are as defined for formula II, and treating resultant 3-fluoro-2-halopyridines of formula III, wherein Y is bromine or chlorine, with a fluorinating agent.The 2,3-difluoropyridines prepared by the novel process are valuable intermediates for the preparation of 2-[4-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)-phenoxy]propionic acid derivatives which are known as herbicides.