Abstract: A method of storing information in nucleic acid includes processing units of information into permutation numbers by a reversible algorithm, providing a library of n distinct oligonucleotide strings of predetermined length in a fixed order, n being a positive integer and each distinct oligonucleotide string associated with a distinct index indicating the ordinal position, assembling distinct oligonucleotide strings to create strands comprising at least two oligonucleotide strings, each oligonucleotide string's ordinal position matching with a permutation number, each strand including at least a data bearing part and a semantic part, and the semantic part to allocate orientation and/or order to a strand.

Abstract: A method of creating a protocol is provided. An interface window is presented on a display. A first indicator that identifies a sample and a second indicator that indicates selection of an analysis are received from the interface window. The analysis defines processing to be performed on the identified sample by a liquid handler. A bed layout that defines locations of a plurality of labware components and a type of labware component at each location on a work bed of the liquid handler is determined based on the first indicator and the second indicator. The sample is associated with a location of the locations. The determined bed layout is presented on the display. A protocol for execution by a controller of the liquid handler is created. The protocol comprises a second plurality of instructions configured to cause the liquid handler to perform the analysis on the identified sample.