Abstract: An integrative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) ESA-EpoR mathematical model calculates the binding behavior of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). The invention provides methods for the determining of ESA binding sites in cells or patients suffering from anemia. Knowing the amount of ESA binding sites enables the clinical practitioner to optimize the dosage regimen during a treatment of anemia, in particular in patients suffering from a cancerous disease. Further provided are methods for screening ESAs which have a higher specificity for cells strongly expressing the EPO receptor such as colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-E) cells, and not to cells with a low level of EPO receptor cell surface expression, which is the case in cancer cells. Also provided is a computer implemented method, comprising the use of the mathematical model of the invention.

Abstract: An integrative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) ESA-EpoR mathematical model calculates the binding behavior of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). The invention provides methods for the determining of ESA binding sites in cells or patients suffering from anemia. Knowing the amount of ESA binding sites enables the clinical practitioner to optimize the dosage regimen during a treatment of anemia, in particular in patients suffering from a cancerous disease. Further provided are methods for screening ESAs which have a higher specificity for cells strongly expressing the EPO receptor such as colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-E) cells, and not to cells with a low level of EPO receptor cell surface expression, which is the case in cancer cells. Also provided is a computer implemented method, comprising the use of the mathematical model of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the diagnosis of a high risk of mortality or other adverse events in a patient suffering from anemia, for example anemia caused by chemotherapy, cancer or chronic inflammation such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). The invention provides means to diagnose a patient who receives Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA) and suffer from an adverse event if the treatment with the ESA is continued. Based on the herein disclosed methods, the clinician will be able to diagnose the prevalence of a fatal event and adjust the treatment of the anemia in the patient accordingly.