Abstract: Herein is reported a method for the determination of the binding affinity of a binder and its ligand comprising the step of determining based on the result of an immunoassay the fraction of free binder in a sample comprising binder, ligand and binder-ligand-complexes for at least two different binder:ligand ratios in the sample, and if the determined fraction of free binder is not comparable for all used binder:ligand ratios then the binder:ligand ratio in the sample is lowered and the sample is re-analyzed by the same immunoassay, and calculating based on the fraction of free binder in the previous step the binding affinity for the binder to its ligand.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for producing a structure with a cold gas spraying method comprising: providing a carrier with a carrier surface, to which the structure is to be attached by the cold gas spraying method by following a travel path; and providing an element with an element surface different from the carrier surface. The element is arranged in the travel path and/or the travel path is specified such that intersections of the travel path and/or interruptions of the structure are arranged on the element surface.

Abstract: Herein is reported a method for the determination of the binding affinity of a binder and its ligand comprising the step of determining based on the result of an immunoassay the fraction of free binder in a sample comprising binder, ligand and binder-ligand-complexes for at least two different binder:ligand ratios in the sample, and if the determined fraction of free binder is not comparable for all used binder:ligand ratios then the binder:ligand ratio in the sample is lowered and the sample is re-analyzed by the same immunoassay, and calculating based on the fraction of free binder in the previous step the binding affinity for the binder to its ligand.

Abstract: A device for recognizing an arcing fault in incident light that includes a sensor for detecting absorption lines of the incident light, and an evaluation unit which generates an evaluation signal when characteristic absorption lines are detected.

Abstract: A restoring element is for an electrical switch. In an embodiment, the restoring element is constructed in two parts from a first part and a second part. The two parts are configured to converge in a first direction for tripping the electrical switch and the two parts do not necessarily converge in a second direction for resetting the electrical switch, the second direction being different from the first direction. Further, the second part of the restoring element includes a restoring cam which is configured to interact with a handle of a switching mechanism of the electrical switch, such that, during resetting of the electrical switch, the restoring element is configured to be rotated by the handle in the second direction for resetting the electrical switch.

Abstract: A pressure trip unit for an electrical switch, including an actuating element and at least one flow channel per electrical pole, is disclosed. In an embodiment, the at least one pole of the electrical switch includes at least two switching contacts for making or disconnecting a flow path. The switching contacts of the at least one pole of the electrical switch are disconnectable via the actuating element which can respond to a pressure generated in a disconnection zone of the, in each case, two switching contacts by an electric arc drawn in the event of an electrodynamic recoil of the switching contacts. Further, the disconnection zone is connectable to the actuating element via the flow channel, the at least one flow channel including a nonreturn valve to permit a flow only from the disconnection zone in the direction of the actuating element.

Abstract: Herein is reported an immunoassay for quantifying the amount of anti-drug antibody, which anti-drug antibody can specifically bind to a drug antibody, which drug antibody can specifically bind to a therapeutic target, in a serum or plasma sample comprising the steps of a) incubating the serum or plasma sample at a pH value that is about the pI value of the target, and optionally removing formed precipitate after the incubation, b) incubating the serum or plasma sample obtained in step a) at a pH value of about 2, and optionally centrifuging the incubated sample to remove formed precipitate, c) adjusting the pH value to about 7.

Abstract: A trigger element includes an actuating member of a pressure trigger for an electric switch. The pressure trigger is provided with at least one flow channel per electric pole. The at least one pole of the electric switch includes at least two switch contacts for making or breaking a current path. The switch contacts of the at least one pole of the electric switch is disconnectable via the actuating member, which can respond to a pressure that is generated by an electric arc drawn during electrodynamic recoil of the switch contacts in a separation zone of the two switch contacts. The separation zone is connectable to the actuating member via the flow channel such that the actuating member is guided from a housing of the trigger element between a neutral position and a trigger position. After the trigger position has been reached, a relief of pressure vents the pressure trigger.

Abstract: Herein is reported a method for the determination of the binding affinity of a binder and its ligand comprising the step of determining based on the result of an immunoassay the fraction of free binder in a sample comprising binder, ligand and binder-ligand-complexes for at least two different binder:ligand ratios in the sample, and if the determined fraction of free binder is not comparable for all used binder:ligand ratios then the binder:ligand ratio in the sample is lowered and the sample is re-analyzed by the same immunoassay, and calculating based on the fraction of free binder in the previous step the binding affinity for the binder to its ligand.

Abstract: A pressure trip unit for an electrical switch, including an actuating element and at least one flow channel per electrical pole, is disclosed. In an embodiment, the at least one pole of the electrical switch includes at least two switching contacts for making or disconnecting a flow path. The switching contacts of the at least one pole of the electrical switch are disconnectable via the actuating element which can respond to a pressure generated in a disconnection zone of the, in each case, two switching contacts by an electric arc drawn in the event of an electrodynamic recoil of the switching contacts. Further, the disconnection zone is connectable to the actuating element via the flow channel, the at least one flow channel including a nonreturn valve to permit a flow only from the disconnection zone in the direction of the actuating element.

Abstract: A connector is disclosed for connecting a first shaped element to a second shaped element. The first shaped element and the second shaped element each include a dovetail guide. In an embodiment, the connector is provided with contact areas. The contact areas are designed to engage into the respective dovetail guides to connect the first and second shaped elements.

Abstract: A rotor shaft module for a rotor shaft of a molded-case circuit breaker, includes a module body including an electrically insulating first material, the module body including a receptacle for a contact element of the molded-case circuit breaker. The rotor shaft module includes at least one coupling apparatus for connection to an opposing coupling apparatus of a further rotor shaft module. In addition, disclosed are a rotor shaft for a molded-case circuit breaker includes at least two coupled rotor shaft modules; a molded-case circuit breaker including a rotor shaft; and a method for producing a rotor shaft module for a rotor shaft of a molded-case circuit breaker.

Abstract: Thus, herein is reported a method for analyzing/characterizing circulating immune complexes (CICs) formed in vivo comprising a size-exclusion chromatography of a sample obtained from a mammal to which the drug had been administered at least once for determining the weight/size of the immune complexes, optionally a second non-SEC chromatography, and at least one immunoassay, whereby the immune complex is characterized by the correlation of the immune complex size and the immunoassay result/read-out. Also reported herein is the use of a method as reported herein for determining a correlation to altered pharmacokinetics, for determining loss or reduction of efficacy, for determining neutralization of natural counterparts of the drug, for determining immune and hypersensitivity reactions, including serum sickness/type III hypersensitivity reaction/immune complex-mediated disease.

Abstract: A rotor is disclosed for an electric switch. In an embodiment, the rotor includes a rotor housing and a rotatably mounted contact link, which has two movable contacts. In an embodiment, by rotation of the rotor, the two movable contacts are configured to interact with two stationary contacts of an electric switch so as to close or open a circuit. Further, the rotatably mounted contact link is mounted movably in the rotor housing in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the contact link in its closing position.

Abstract: A rotor for an electric switch is disclosed. In an embodiment, the rotor includes a rotor housing and a rotatably mounted contact bridge, which exhibits two movable contacts, wherein, by the rotation of the rotor, the two movable contacts can interact with two fixed contacts of an electric switch for closing or opening a circuit. The rotatably mounted contact bridge in the rotor housing is movably mounted in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the contact bridge in its closed position.

Abstract: A switch apparatus includes at least two contact levers, arranged rotatably about a common rotation axis and arranged, at least sectionally, parallel to one another and spaced apart. The contact levers each have two contact lever arms including contact sections for respectively making contact with one fixed mating contact section of a power line element. The two first contact lever arms make contact with a first force transfer element, and the two second contact lever arms make contact with a second force transfer element for applying a spring force. At least one force transfer element has, in touching sections for touching the contact lever arms, a bulge which extends radially outwards, for the uniform transfer of the spring force to the contact lever arms. At least one holding element of the two holding elements may be configured to be movable relative to the power line elements via an articulated bearing.

Abstract: A rotor is shown for an electromechanical switching device, includes: a rotor housing; two contact bridges having in each case two contact portions; an intermediate element disposed between the two contact bridges and mounted so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis; and first spring pins and second spring pins; first spring elements and second spring elements. In an embodiment, the spring pins, the spring elements, and the intermediate element are operationally connected, and at least one of the first and second spring pins is disposed on the intermediate element and/or on the contact bridges such that the spring pin by rotating the rotor is tiltable between the two states in relation to the rotation axis. An embodiment furthermore relates to an electromechanical switching device including the rotor.

Abstract: A switching device, in particular an electrical power circuit breaker, is disclosed for protecting an electrical circuit. The switching device includes two pole terminals, a switching mechanism for automatically interrupting the electrical connection of the two pole terminals in the event of an overload, electrical components for controlling the switching device and a pole cassette in which the switching mechanism is disposed in a switching chamber. The pole cassette includes at least one gas duct which is connected to the switching chamber in a gas-communicating manner and is designed to discharge gas from the pole cassette past the electrical components to the environment.

Abstract: A rotor shaft module for a rotor shaft of a molded-case circuit breaker, includes a module body including an electrically insulating first material, the module body including a receptacle for a contact element of the molded-case circuit breaker. The rotor shaft module includes at least one coupling apparatus for connection to an opposing coupling apparatus of a further rotor shaft module. In addition, disclosed are a rotor shaft for a molded-case circuit breaker includes at least two coupled rotor shaft modules; a molded-case circuit breaker including a rotor shaft; and a method for producing a rotor shaft module for a rotor shaft of a molded-case circuit breaker.

Abstract: A switch apparatus includes at least two contact levers, arranged rotatably about a common rotation axis and arranged, at least sectionally, parallel to one another and spaced apart. The contact levers each have two contact lever arms including contact sections for respectively making contact with one fixed mating contact section of a power line element. The two first contact lever arms make contact with a first force transfer element, and the two second contact lever arms make contact with a second force transfer element for applying a spring force. At least one force transfer element has, in touching sections for touching the contact lever arms, a bulge which extends radially outwards, for the uniform transfer of the spring force to the contact lever arms. At least one holding element of the two holding elements may be configured to be movable relative to the power line elements via an articulated bearing.