Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous solution containing aluminum ions, characterized in that the solution contains aluminum ions in a proportion of 0.5-15% (converted, if necessary, to Al3+) based on the total mass of the solution, as well as anions of lactic acid (lactate ions) and of phosphoric acid (phosphate ions), and has the theoretical composition Al3+A(C3H5O3?)x.ASM?y.A(H2PO4?)z.A(OH)?(3A-x.A-M.y.A-z.A), wherein S is the anion of an acid with the charge M, x is a value in the range of 0.5-2.8, y is a value in the range of 0-1.5, and z is a value in the range of 0.01-1.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous solution containing aluminum ions, characterized in that the solution contains aluminum ions in a proportion of 0.5-15% (converted, if necessary, to Al3+) based on the total mass of the solution, as well as anions of lactic acid (lactate ions) and of phosphoric acid (phosphate ions), and has the theoretical composition Al3+A(C3H5O3?)x.ASM?y.A(H2PO4?)z.A(OH)?(3A-x.A-M.y.A-z.A), wherein S is the anion of an acid with the charge M, x is a value in the range of 0.5-2.8, y is a value in the range of 0-1.5, and z is a value in the range of 0.01-1.5.

Abstract: A device for monitoring an operation of an inductive element, includes a current-measuring device is switched in series with the inductive element. The device is configured to ascertain a first time-discrete and value-discrete signal, which characterizes a current flowing through the current-measuring device; to ascertain a second time-discrete and value-discrete signal, which characterizes a current flowing through the current-measuring device and has a predefinable time shift in relation to the first signal; and to infer the presence of a shunt from a comparison of the first signal with the second signal. Also described is a method for monitoring the operation of the inductive element.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the current intensity of the electric current flowing through an inductive consumer, the consumer being connected in series to a switching device and a current measuring unit, and in parallel to a free-wheeling element, and the switching device being activated for adjusting the current intensity during a pulse width modulation period.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the current intensity of the electric current flowing through an inductive consumer, the consumer being connected in series to a switching device and a current measuring unit, and in parallel to a free-wheeling element, and the switching device being activated for adjusting the current intensity during a pulse width modulation period.

Abstract: A device for monitoring an operation of an inductive element, includes a current-measuring device is switched in series with the inductive element. The device is configured to ascertain a first time-discrete and value-discrete signal, which characterizes a current flowing through the current-measuring device; to ascertain a second time-discrete and value-discrete signal, which characterizes a current flowing through the current-measuring device and has a predefinable time shift in relation to the first signal; and to infer the presence of a shunt from a comparison of the first signal with the second signal. Also described is a method for monitoring the operation of the inductive element.

Abstract: A control chip for providing the basic functionality of a control unit includes a voltage supply having at least two, in particular three, output voltages; at least two, in particular three, sensor power supplies, in particular having 5-V and/or 3.3-V output voltage; at least one driver for bidirectional interfaces; a CAN driver; a follower control; a main relay output stage having a diagnostic function; at least one bidirectional serial interface for controlling the output stages and for communicating with a microcontroller; at least six power output stages, in particular having rated currents of 0.6 A to 3 A; at least one low-level signal output, in particular having a rated current of 50 mA, and four ignition drivers.

Abstract: A control chip for providing the basic functionality of a control unit includes a voltage supply having at least two, in particular three, output voltages; at least two, in particular three, sensor power supplies, in particular having 5-V and/or 3.3-V output voltage; at least one driver for bidirectional interfaces; a CAN driver; a follower control; a main relay output stage having a diagnostic function; at least one bidirectional serial interface for controlling the output stages and for communicating with a microcontroller; at least six power output stages, in particular having rated currents of 0.6 A to 3 A; at least one low-level signal output, in particular having a rated current of 50 rtiA, and four ignition drivers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optoelectronic module for optical signals of two optical data channels for arrangement on a main circuit board of an assembly, having a housing, which has an underside for arrangement of the optoelectronic module on a main circuit board. The arrangement further includes a printed circuit board arranged in the housing, having a first optical coupling region and a second optical coupling region for the coupling of optical waveguides, wherein the first and second coupling regions are arranged on the printed circuit board. The first optical coupling region is arranged at a smaller distance from the underside of the housing than the second optical coupling region. The invention achieves an efficient utilization of the end area of an assembly.

Abstract: A method for serially transmitting data between a first and a second station is provided, the first station unidirectionally transmitting at least two signals to the second station on two signal paths. In this method, a shift register is provided in each station, the two signal paths of the first station being routed in parallel into a shift register, and the data transmission to the second station being carried out by automatically clocking the shift register from a time base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for serial transmission of data between a processor module and at least one peripheral element with the aid of a timing signal, a data signal and a selection signal. To reduce the number of lines necessary for the serial data transmission between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element at high data rate, the timing signal may be transmitted via two timing lines between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element, the data signal may be transmitted via two data lines between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element, and the selection signal may be transmitted via the data lines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for crushing a hydrous polymer jelly, comprising two rolls (11,12) located axially parallel and rotating in opposite directions between which a nip (13) for the passage of the polymer gel (10) is formed. In order to achieve a more uniform and cheaper size reduction of polymer gels, the present invention proposes to form one roll as a cutting roll (11) which is provided with at least one axially extending cross cutting element (15) having a cutting edge (17) and with a radially extending longitudinal cutting element (14) provided with a cutting edge (18) which runs around it, and to form the other roll as a back-up roll (12).

Abstract: A device and a method are described for controlling an electromagnetic user, especially a magnetic valve for influencing the fuel quantity to be injected into an internal combustion engine. At least one switching time of the user is taken into consideration in the control. The at least one switching time is ascertained starting from a current value.

Abstract: A method for serially transmitting data between a first and a second station is provided, the first station unidirectionally transmitting at least two signals to the second station on two signal paths. In this method, a shift register is provided in each station, the two signal paths of the first station being routed in parallel into a shift register, and the data transmission to the second station being carried out by automatically clocking the shift register from a time base.

Abstract: A device and a method are described for controlling an electromagnetic user, especially a magnetic valve for influencing the fuel quantity to be injected into an internal combustion engine. At least one switching time of the user is taken into consideration in the control. The at least one switching time is ascertained starting from a current value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for serial transmission of data between a processor module and at least one peripheral element with the aid of a timing signal, a data signal and a selection signal. To reduce the number of lines necessary for the serial data transmission between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element at high data rate, the timing signal may be transmitted via two timing lines between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element, the data signal may be transmitted via two data lines between the processor module and the at least one peripheral element, and the selection signal may be transmitted via the data lines.

Abstract: A two-wire bus system for connecting a plurality of users has at least one damping circuit for damping line resonances in the two-wire bus system with respect to a reference potential. The damping characteristic of the damping circuit is selected such that the damping only becomes operative above a preestablished reference voltage threshold1 value. In this manner, it is achieved that a useful signal is not weakened by the damping circuit, but rather resonance voltages are damped only above the threshold value. It is advantageous if each of the users of the bus system has assigned to it a damping circuit.

Abstract: A prefabricated plug-in assembly includes a front subframe and a plug pin arranged in it. The assembly further has a holder for an optical conductor end. Light-curable adhesive is introduced into the holder in advance and, once the optical conductor end has been introduced, is cured by supplying light. To this end, the plug-in assembly is sufficiently transparent and translucent for the light wavelength of the light used for curing.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor device having a thyristor includes outer npn-transistors, outer pnp-transistors, and an inner npn-transistor. The outer pnp-transistors and the inner npn-transistor are interconnected so as to form a thyristor to allow the inner transistor to be biased into conduction. Furthermore, a current flow takes place via the outer npn-transistors and the inner npn-transistor. The integrated semiconductor device having a thyristor minimizes interference produced in neighboring components.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having an adjusting component and an adjustable thyristor allows an especially small chip surface to be used. The integrated circuit has a control unit, by means of which the adjusting component is irreversibly switched. The thyristor is designed as a planar component.