Abstract: The mass of successive increments of a wrapped rod-like filler of filamentary filter material is monitored by a beta ray detector and the signals which are generated by the ionization chamber of the dectector are utilized to adjust the ratio of a variable-speed transmission which regulates the rate of delivery of a stretched tow of filamentary material to the gathering horn of a filter rod making machine.

Abstract: Webs which are to be converted into wrappers for filter rod sections, cigars, cigarillos or cigarettes, or the wrappers of such articles, are perforated by one or more laser beams in the machine wherein the articles are produced. The permeability of wrappers can be changed by increasing or reducing the number of holes and/or by increasing or reducing the size of holes in each wrapper. The permeability of the wrappers of finished articles is monitored and the intensity of laser beam or beams is automatically adjusted when the monitored permeability deviates from a desired value. The perforations are formed for the purpose of admitting cool atmospheric air which influences the quantity of nicotine and condensate in the column of smoke. The perforations are disposed close to or in the filter plugs of filter cigarettes, cigars or cigarillos, or close to one or both ends of each filter rod section or plain cigarette, depending on the length of such articles.

Abstract: Filter cigarettes of double unit length are tested in the filter tipping machine in a selected portion of their normal path of sidewise movement toward the discharge end of the machine. In such selected portion, successive filter cigarettes are arrested and simultaneously rotated about their respective axes. During rotation, a first optoelectrical unit scans the wrappers of the cigarettes for the presence of protuberances, and a second optoelectrical unit scans the wrappers for the presence of open seams, holes, frayed ends and/or smudges. On detection of defects, the transducers of the respective units generate signals which are used to segregate the respective cigarettes from other cigarettes.

Abstract: Webs which are to be converted into wrappers for filter rod sections, cigars, cigarillos or cigarettes, or the wrappers of such articles, are perforated by one or more laser beams in the machine wherein the articles are produced. The permeability of wrappers can be changed by increasing or reducing the number of holes and/or by increasing or reducing the size of holes in each wrapper. The permeability of the wrappers of finished articles is monitored and the intensity of laser beam or beams is automatically adjusted when the monitored permeability deviates from a desired value. The perforations are formed for the purpose of admitting cool atmospheric air which influences the quantity of nicotine and condensate in the column of smoke. The perforations are disposed close to or in the filter plugs of filter cigarettes, cigars or cigarillos, or close to one or both ends of each filter rod section or plain cigarette, depending on the length of such articles.

Abstract: The height of a continuous tobacco stream between a first side which is supported by a conveyor and an uneven second side is monitored by an opto-electrical level detector which directs a row of parallel light rays transversely across the stream and has a battery of photosensitive elements at different distances from the first side of the stream so that each element produces a signal in response to impingement of a different light ray upon its photosensitive surface. The number of elements which generate signals is indicative of the height of the stream portion advancing past the level detector. Such signals can be utilized to adjust a trimming device which removes the surplus at the second side of the stream before the thus equalized stream enters a wrapping mechanism to be converted into a cigarette rod which is thereupon severed to yield discrete cigarettes.

Abstract: Apparatus for transporting filter rod sections or the like from a first to a spaced-apart second transfer station has a stationary hollow cylindrical core which is surrounded by a rotary drum-shaped conveyor having peripheral flutes and radially inwardly extending suction ports communicating with the flutes. The periphery of the core has an arcuate channel having a width in the range of a fraction of one millimeter and communicating with those ports which travel between the first and second transfer stations. The internal surface of the rotating conveyor constitutes the outer boundary of the channel and defines with the bottom surface of the core in the channel a plurality of flow restrictors each of which connects the inner end of a suction port in the region of the channel with a suction chamber in the interior of the core.

Abstract: A web which is converted into wrappers of plain or filter cigarettes, or the wrapper or each cigarette is perforated by needles, teeth, punching tools, sparks or laser beams prior to arrival of corresponding cigarettes at a pneumatic testing station. The testing device at such station transmits signals which denote the permeability of successive wrappers, and the signals are compared with a reference signal denoting the desired permeability of wrappers. If the monitored permeability deviates from the desired permeability, the device which makes holes in the web or in the wrappers is automatically adjusted to change the combined area of holes.

Abstract: An adjustable distributor transports particles of tobacco into a stream building zone wherein the tobacco is converted into a stream containing a surplus of particles. The surplus is removed by an equalizing device and the equalized stream is converted into a rod-like filler. An optical level detector monitors the height of the stream ahead of the equalizing device, and a second detector monitors the height of the equalized stream. Signals which are furnished by the detectors are transmitted to the corresponding inputs of a dividing circuit whose output transmits signals which are used to adjust the distributor in such a way that the rate of tobacco transport to the stream building zone is increased when the quantity of removed surplus decreases and vice versa. The equalizing device, together with the second detector, is movable transversely of the tobacco stream in response to signals from a detector which monitors the density of the filler.

Abstract: A distributor for use in a cigarette maker has a relatively long and relatively narrow upright duct whose upper end receives particles of tobacco from one or more magazines by way of an endless belt. The resulting column of tobacco descends through the lower end of the duct and into the range of orbiting needles at the periphery of a horizontal drum. An oscillating barrier is interposed between the lower end of the rear wall of the duct and the path of needles close to the apex of the drum. The barrier has a profiled rib which extends into the lower end of the duct to homogenize the lower end of the descending column of tobacco as well as to promote uniform filling of gaps between the neighboring needles with particles of tobacco along the full axial length of the drum. The particles are expelled from the gaps by a picker roller and are converted into a wide carpet, thereupon into a narrow stream and finally into a rod-like filler.

Abstract: The permeability of portions of or entire wrappers of successive filter cigarettes is tested with a gaseous fluid independently of the permeability of perforated portions of wrappers around the filter mouthpieces. Signals denoting the permeability of major portions of or entire wrappers are compared with a reference signal denoting the maximum permissible permeability, and the cigarettes having wrappers of excessive permeability are segregated from satisfactory cigarettes. Signals denoting the permeability of perforated wrapper portions are made visible to attendants or cause the generation or audible signals, for example, to facilitate proper adjustment of perforating instrumentalities if the permeability of perforated wrapper portions is too low.

Abstract: Apparatus for building a continuous tobacco stream at the underside of the lower reach of an endless foraminous conveyor belt has an upright duct with an inlet at or close to the lower end and a narrow channel-like outlet below the lower reach of the belt. A feeding device supplies tobacco particles into the inlet of the duct, preferably in a direction to cause the particles to move toward the outlet. One side wall of the duct has elongated openings which make an acute angle with the direction of movement of the lower reach of the belt and discharge currents of compressed air which accelerate and advance the particles toward the underside of the lower reach in such a way that the direction of movement of particles in the outlet of the duct has a component of movement in the direction of lengthwise movement of the lower reach. The currents of air accelerate and advance the particles independently of the feeding device.

Abstract: The wrappers of filter cigarettes wherein wrapper portions surrounding the filter mouthpieces have holes for admission of atmospheric air into the column of tobacco smoke are tested during sidewise movement at the periphery of a rotary drum. A first testing device establishes a first pressure differential between the interior and exterior of successive wrappers, and a second testing device establishes a second pressure differential between the interior and exterior of those wrapper portions which surround tobacco as well as a different third pressure differential between those wrapper portions which surround the filter material. An evaluating circuit has two electropneumatic transducers which furnish first and second signals respectively denoting the pressure differential between the interior and exterior of successive wrappers and the pressure differential between the interior and exterior of successive wrapper portions which surround tobacco.

Abstract: Webs which are to be converted into wrappers for filter rod sections, cigars, cigarillos or cigarettes, or the wrappers of such articles, are perforated by one or more laser beams in the machine wherein the articles are produced. The permeability of wrappers can be changed by increasing or reducing the number of holes and/or by increasing or reducing the size of holes in each wrapper. The permeability of the wrappers of finished articles is monitored and the intensity of laser beam or beams is automatically adjusted when the monitored permeability deviates from a desired value. The perforations are formed for the purpose of admitting cool atmospheric air which influences the quantity of nicotine and condensate in the column of smoke. The perforations are disposed close to or in the filter plugs of filter cigarettes, cigars or cigarillos, or close to one or both ends of each filter rod section or plain cigarette, depending on the length of such articles.

Abstract: Cigarettes are tested with air streams which are caused to pass lengthwise through the fillers while the cigarettes move sideways past a testing station. One or two stationary chambers for air at subatmospheric or superatmospheric pressure are mounted at the testing station so that the ends of cigarettes which are being tested extend into the chamber or chambers. The air pressure in the chamber or chambers equals or approximates the pressure of air streams at the respective ends of the wrappers of cigarettes so that air in the chamber or chambers prevents the streams from communicating with the atmosphere during testing. The streams are monitored for changes in pressure. Such changes are indicative of defects of cigarettes and signals which are produced during monitoring are used to segregate defective cigarettes from satisfactory cigarettes.