Abstract: A molecular assembly having a structural formation of amphiphilic molecules is disclosed where the amphiphilic molecules are selected from a group containing amphiphilic molecules which a) have a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety b) are soluble in a polar aprotic solvent and form self-organizing layer structures in the absence of the polar aprotic solvent, and c) orient molecularly in formed layer structures at an interfacial layer, or in an aqueous environment. The amphiphilic molecules in the formed layer structure are in contact with an aqueous environment. A method for coating a solid surface with a molecular assembly is also disclosed, wherein the amphiphilic molecules are dissolved in a polar aprotic solvent, and resulting solution is applied to a solid surface by spin coating.

Abstract: A desorber for a spectrometer, comprising a housing, which has supply lines and discharge lines for a sample carrier gas, together with a closable opening, and an induction unit arranged in the housing, wherein the induction unit comprises a high-permeability and electrically insulating coil carrier, a coil arranged in the coil carrier, a high-permeability sample carrier that can be removed via the closable opening, wherein the sample carrier is designed as an inductive heating element, for purposes of heating a substance to be desorbed, which is applied to the sample carrier, and the coil carrier and the coil are arranged spaced apart from the sample carrier by a gap, such that the magnetic flux, generated by an alternating current flowing in the coil, flows through the sample carrier via the coil carrier and the gap.

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometers and methods for determining the ion mobility of a sample gas in dry air as drift gas are disclosed. The ion mobility spectrometers comprise a drift chamber, a reaction chamber, a dielectric barrier discharge ionisation source, a control unit, and a DBDI source, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor arranged in the chamber. A light source irradiates the DBDI source with light in a wavelength range from about 240 nm to about 480 nm. The control unit is designed to set an ignition voltage of the DBDI source and to control the light source depending on a determined pressure value and a determined temperature value. The methods control and utilize the control unit for operating the ion mobility spectrometer.

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometers and methods for determining an ion mobility spectrum of a sample are provided. The ion mobility spectrometers comprise a drift chamber and a cylindrical reaction chamber, wherein the drift chamber is designed to transport ions from a switching grid to an ion detector against an axial drift gas flow. The reaction chamber has a sample gas inlet adjacent to the switching grid for introducing a sample gas, a gas outlet opposite the switching grid for discharging drift gas and sample gas, and a local ionisation source arranged at the gas outlet. The sample gas inlet comprises gas inlets arranged oppositely on an inner circumference of the reaction chamber. The methods operate the ion mobility spectrometers to determine an ion mobility spectrum of a sample.

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometers and methods for determining the ion mobility of a sample gas in dry air as drift gas are disclosed. The ion mobility spectrometers comprise a drift chamber, a reaction chamber, a dielectric barrier discharge ionisation source, a control unit, and a DBDI source, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor arranged in the chamber. A light source irradiates the DBDI source with light in a wavelength range from about 240 nm to about 480 nm. The control unit is designed to set an ignition voltage of the DBDI source and to control the light source depending on a determined pressure value and a determined temperature value. The methods control and utilize the control unit for operating the ion mobility spectrometer.

Abstract: An information projection and control system for projecting information onto a projection area provided by a vehicle door, comprising at least one control unit that generates information, for projection onto the projection area; at least one projection device that projects the generated information onto the projection area; and at least one movement sensor that detects movements in a sensing area associated with the projection area, wherein the at least one control unit is adapted to control generation of the generated information on the basis of the detected movements.

Abstract: A deceleration mechanism for a door system. In particular, a door system that is adapted to control an opening of a door module that separates compartments of an aircraft, the door module comprising a door panel that performs a rotational movement above a floor structure of the aircraft during an opening of the door module, comprises a deceleration mechanism that comprises a bolt, a bolt moving mechanism that is attached to the bolt, a latch mechanism that is removably connected to the bolt moving mechanism an activation mechanism that is attached to the latch mechanism, and a brake element that is rigidly attached to the bolt.

Abstract: A door system with a deceleration mechanism may be adapted to control an opening of a door module that separates compartments of an aircraft and includes a door panel and a door frame. During the opening of the door module, the door panel performs a rotational movement 389 above a floor structure of the aircraft. The deceleration mechanism is operable in a normal operation mode and a deceleration mode and comprises a hinge, a wedge-shaped component that is rotatably attached to the hinge, and an activation device. The activation device is coupled to the wedge-shaped component and switches the deceleration mechanism from operating in the normal operation mode to operating in the deceleration mode when a difference in pressure between the compartments exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A door opening system with a deceleration mechanism may be adapted to control an opening of a door module that includes a door panel and a door frame. Deceleration mechanism may include strap that connects door panel with door frame, spool, and spool. Spool may receive one end of strap, is biased to roll up a first portion of strap, and adapted to perform a first unwinding of the first portion of strap. Spool may receive a second end of strap, is biased to roll up a second portion of strap, and adapted to perform a second unwinding of the second portion of strap from spool. Spool may include a braking apparatus that is adapted to decelerate the second unwinding when a velocity of the second unwinding is above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An information projection and control system for projecting information onto a projection area provided by a vehicle door, comprising at least one control unit that generates information, for projection onto the projection area; at least one projection device that projects the generated information onto the projection area; and at least one movement sensor that detects movements in a sensing area associated with the projection area, wherein the at least one control unit is adapted to control generation of the generated information on the basis of the detected movements.

Abstract: A door system with a deceleration mechanism may be adapted to control an opening of a door module that separates compartments of an aircraft and includes a door panel and a door frame. During the opening of the door module, the door panel performs a rotational movement 389 above a floor structure of the aircraft. The deceleration mechanism is operable in a normal operation mode and a deceleration mode and comprises a hinge, a wedge-shaped component that is rotatably attached to the hinge, and an activation device. The activation device is coupled to the wedge-shaped component and switches the deceleration mechanism from operating in the normal operation mode to operating in the deceleration mode when a difference in pressure between the compartments exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A deceleration mechanism for a door system. In particular, a door system that is adapted to control an opening of a door module that separates compartments of an aircraft, the door module comprising a door panel that performs a rotational movement above a floor structure of the aircraft during an opening of the door module, comprises a deceleration mechanism that comprises a bolt, a bolt moving mechanism that is attached to the bolt, a latch mechanism that is removably connected to the bolt moving mechanism an activation mechanism that is attached to the latch mechanism, and a brake element that is rigidly attached to the bolt.

Abstract: A door locking system for a door module that separates compartments in an aircraft. Door locking system has locking element that is adapted to maintain door panel of door module in a closed position. Door locking system further includes first and second mechanisms that are adapted to release door panel from the closed position in a normal and an abnormal mode, respectively. Second mechanism is spatially segregated from and operates independently of first mechanism. Second mechanism includes locking element release actuator, pressure sensor, and controller that directs locking element release actuator to act on locking element when pressure sensor detects a difference in pressure between the compartments that exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A door opening system with a deceleration mechanism may be adapted to control an opening of a door module that includes a door panel and a door frame. Deceleration mechanism may include strap that connects door panel with door frame, spool, and spool. Spool may receive one end of strap, is biased to roll up a first portion of strap, and adapted to perform a first unwinding of the first portion of strap. Spool may receive a second end of strap, is biased to roll up a second portion of strap, and adapted to perform a second unwinding of the second portion of strap from spool. Spool may include a braking apparatus that is adapted to decelerate the second unwinding when a velocity of the second unwinding is above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gating element for switching or modulating the ion current in ion mobility spectrometers, particularly in miniature ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) operated at atmospheric pressure, where the ion current of an ion source is modulated with a continuous modulation function and the mobility spectrum is generated from the measured ion current by a correlation analysis with the modulation pattern. The invention proposes using a layered plate with apertures (apertured plate) rather than a grid (or a series of grids), said apertured plate comprising at least three conductive and two insulating (or low-conductivity) layers arranged alternately, which are firmly bonded with each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to the measurement of current profiles of free-flying ion or electron clusters which impinge on a detector electrode of a Faraday detector. The detector electrode here consists of a large number of structural elements in a bipolar arrangement, where neighboring structural elements have opposite polarities and structural elements with the same polarity are electrically connected, and a voltage is applied between neighboring structural elements so that before ions or electrons impinge on the detection electrode, they are essentially deflected onto the structural elements with one of the two polarities. If the current profiles on the structural elements of the two polarities are measured separately and subtracted from each other, a current profile which corresponds to the pure ion or electron current profile is obtained without using a screen grid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gating element for switching or modulating the ion current in ion mobility spectrometers, particularly in miniature ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) operated at atmospheric pressure, where the ion current of an ion source is modulated with a continuous modulation function and the mobility spectrum is generated from the measured ion current by a correlation analysis with the modulation pattern. The invention proposes using a layered plate with apertures (apertured plate) rather than a grid (or a series of grids), said apertured plate comprising at least three conductive and two insulating (or low-conductivity) layers arranged alternately, which are firmly bonded with each other.

Abstract: A short term, autonomous, electrical power supply system, particularly an emergency short term, autonomous, electrical power supply system. Said system comprises an actuator with an electrical motor (14), an electrical generator (15) for driving said electrical motor (14) of said actuator, a turbine (13) in driving engagement with said electrical generator (15), an generator (7) of combustible, fluidic energy, a fluid line (10) from said generator (7) to said turbine (13), a control unit (5), and an igniter (9) arranged inside said generator (7) and controlled by said control unit (5).

Abstract: A raceway for fastening, guiding and/or protecting an electric cable means has channel modules with longitudinal channel sections. At least two essentially longitudinal channel sections are movable telescopically into one another by way of complementary male elements or female elements, and each of the essentially longitudinal channel sections is provided with at least one fixation bolt. The male element projects from a part of an open end of one essentially longitudinal channel section and the female element is cut out from a part of an open end of an opposed essentially longitudinal channel section. The essentially longitudinal channel sections are made of thermoplastic material and the at least one fixation bolt is mounted inside the channel section through the base wall of each essentially longitudinal channel section.

Abstract: The invention relates to the measurement of current profiles of free-flying ion or electron clusters which impinge on a detector electrode of a Faraday detector. The detector electrode here consists of a large number of structural elements in a bipolar arrangement, where neighboring structural elements have opposite polarities and structural elements with the same polarity are electrically connected, and a voltage is applied between neighboring structural elements so that before ions or electrons impinge on the detection electrode, they are essentially deflected onto the structural elements with one of the two polarities. If the current profiles on the structural elements of the two polarities are measured separately and subtracted from each other, a current profile which corresponds to the pure ion or electron current profile is obtained without using a screen grid.