Abstract: A method is suggested for switching a subscriber line, the method comprising (i) conducting an evaluation of a signal provided by a terminal device, and (ii) controlling a switch that is arranged to connect one of at least two access services based on the evaluation of the signal with the subscriber line that is connected to the terminal device. Also, corresponding systems are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biogenic substance production process wherein a) at least one starting material has b) at least one enzyme added to it and the product resulting from b) has c) at least one liver cell added to it, and d) at least one biogenic substance is isolated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biogenic substance production process wherein a) at least one starting material has b) at least one enzyme added to it and the product resulting from b) has c) at least one liver cell added to it, and d) at least one biogenic substance is isolated.

Abstract: A method for protecting a network against a security attack from an user, and in particular, for a layer 2 switch, against a MAC flooding attack. Here, the MAC flooding attack floods the layer 2 switch with at least one packet, a database is provided which saves a MAC address and its allocation and the database has a maximum quantity. According to the method, an interface between the user of the network and a network access functions as a line of demarcation. When the limit of the maximum quantity for a port is reached, the port is blocked during a blocking time. This not only protects the first access node, but also the following network nodes and users respectively, against a security attack.

Abstract: A method for protecting a network against a security attack from an user, and in particular, for a layer 2 switch, against a MAC flooding attack. Here, the MAC flooding attack floods the layer 2 switch with at least one packet, a database is provided which saves a MAC address and its allocation and the database has a maximum quantity. According to the method, an interface between the user of the network and a network access functions as a line of demarcation. When the limit of the maximum quantity for a port is reached, the port is blocked during a blocking time. This not only protects the first access node, but also the following network nodes and users respectively, against a security attack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a network access remote front-end processor (20) for a communication network (10) which is connectable to communication network (10) by means of a communication line (11), to a subscriber component (30.1, . . . , 30.n) by means of at least one subscriber line (31.1, . . . , 31.n) and which is configured for transporting a data flow between the communication network (10) and at least one subscriber component (30.1, . . . , 30.n), wherein the inventive network access remote front-end processor (20) comprises a protection device (21) through which the data flow can be directed and which is configured for detecting, analysing and modifying the data flow in the presence of predefined conditions.

Abstract: According to the invention, connection information (vcxIndex) representing each connection (AE1 . . . n) of the at least one communication device (KE1 . . . n) to a multiplexer device (MUX) is stored in the multiplexer device, the connection information (vcxIndex) is allocated to the at least one communication network specific address (IP) of the at least one communication device (KE1 . . . n) connected to the connector (AE1 . . . n). A message (ARP-REQUEST) sent to the multiplexer device (MUX) is detected and at least one target address (ZA) contained therein is compared with the stored communication network specific addresses (IP). On determination of an at least partial match of the compared pieces of information (IP, ZA) the message (ARP-REQUEST) or information or initiating the communication relationship device is forwarded to the at least one connector (AE1 . . . n) represented by the allocated connector information (vcxIndex).