Abstract: This invention relates to a system that adaptively compensates for subject motion in real-time in an imaging system. An object orientation marker (30), preferably a retro-grate reflector (RGR), is placed on the head or other body organ of interest of a patient (P) during a scan, such as an MRI scan. The marker (30) makes it possible to measure the six degrees of freedom (x, y, and z-translations, and pitch, yaw, and roll), or “pose”, required to track motion of the organ of interest. A detector, preferably a camera (40), observes the marker (30) and continuously extracts its pose. The pose from the camera (40) is sent to the scanner (120) via an RGR processing computer (50) and a scanner control and processing computer (100), allowing for continuous correction of scan planes and position (in real-time) for motion of the patient (P).

Abstract: A membrane for use in an air diffuser. The membrane includes a nub with a perforation. The nub and perforation and arranged and sized to create smaller bubbles of gas in a liquid column above the membrane.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatuses for detecting an analyte in a liquid sample using optical time of flight spectroscopy. A handheld apparatus for remote real-time detection of Zn2+ in aqueous environments and methods for making and using the apparatus are also described herein.