Abstract: A method for depositing metallic coatings on a substrate including an annealing step, in an annealing furnace, forming on said substrate, a ferritic surface layer having a thickness from 10 ?m to 50 ?m and a microstructure comprising in surface fraction up to 10% of cumulated amount of martensite, bainite and the balance being made of ferrite, a skin pass step, a coating step, inside a vacuum chamber, wherein a metallic vapour is ejected towards at least a side of said substrate to form a surface layer of at least one metal.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel sheet is provided. The method includes providing a cold-rolled steel sheet including in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 1.4%?Mn?2.6%, 0.6%?Si?1.5%, 0.02%?Al?1.0%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.0%, 0?Nb?0.035%, 0?Mo?0.3%, 0?Cr?0.3%, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 to obtaining at least 40% austenite and at least 40% intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from at least 600° C. at a cooling rate of at least 20° C./s to a quenching temperature between 180° C. and 260° C., heating the sheet to a partitioning temperature between 375° C. and 470° C. and maintaining the sheet at this partitioning temperature for a partitioning time Pt between 25 s and 440 s, then cooling the sheet to room temperature. A steel sheet is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of at least 1100 MPa, a total elongation TE according to ISO standard 6892-1 of at least 12%, the product TSxTE of the tensile strength by the total elongation being at least 14200 MPa %, and a hole expansion ratio HER according to ISO standard 16630:2009 of at least 25%, the method including the following successive steps: providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 2.0%?Mn?2.7%, with C+Mn/10?0.420%, 0?Cr?0.40%, with Mn+Cr?2.25%, 0.2%?Si?1.6%, 0.02%?Al?1.2%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.2%, 0?Nb?0.035%, 0?Mo?0.1%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and at most 35% of intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from a temperature of at least 600° C. at a cooling rate comprised between 20° C./s and 50° C.

Abstract: A heat treated cold rolled steel sheet with the following elements, 0.1%?C?0.2%; 1.2%?Mn?2.2%; 0.05%?Si?0.6%; 0.001%?Al?0.1%; 0.01%?Cr?0.5 %; 0%?S?0.09%; 0%?P?0.09%; 0%?N?0.09%; 0%?Mo?0.5%; 0%?Ti?0.1%; 0%?Nb?0.1%; 0%?V?0.1%; 0%?Ni?1%; 0%?Cu?1%; 0%?Ca?0.005%; 0%?B?0.05%; the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of the steel having, by area percentage, 60% to 85% of tempered martensite, a cumulated amount of ferrite and bainite of 15% to 38%, an optional amount of residual austenite of 0% to 5% and an optional amount of fresh martensite of 0 to 5%.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, the steel including, in weight percentage, 0.17%?carbon?0.25%, 2%?manganese?3%, 0.9%?silicon?2%, 0%?aluminum?0.09%, 0.01%?molybdenum?0.2%, 0%?phosphorus?0.02%, 0%?sulfur?0.03%, 0%?nitrogen?0.09%, and optionally one or more of the following elements 0%?chromium?0.3%, 0%?niobium?0.06%, 0%?titanium?0.06%, 0%?vanadium?0.1%, 0%?calcium?0.005%, 0%?boron?0.010%, 0%?Magnesium?0.05%, 0%?Zirconium?0.05%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure of—50% to 80% of Bainite, 10% to 30% of residual austenite, 15% to 50% of Partitioned martensite, 0% to 10% of ferrite and 0% to 5% fresh martensite in area fractions, and a ferrite-enriched layer extending up to 50 microns from both surfaces of the steel sheet, such ferrite-enriched layer having a mean ferrite content from 55% to 80% in area fraction.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of at least 1100 MPa, a total elongation TE according to ISO standard 6892-1 of at least 12%, the product TS×TE of the tensile strength by the total elongation being at least 14200 MPa %, and a hole expansion ratio HER according to ISO standard 16630:2009 of at least 25%, the method including the following successive steps: providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 2.0%?Mn?2.7%, with C+Mn/10?0.420%, 0?Cr?0.40%, with Mn+Cr?2.25%, 0.2%?Si?1.6%, 0.02%?Al?1.2%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.2%, 0?Nb?0.035%?Mo?0.1%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and at most 35% of intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from a temperature of at least 600° C. at a cooling rate comprised between 20° C./s and 50° C.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet is provided. The steel sheet includes a composition including 0.17%?carbon?0.24%, 1.9%?manganese?2.2%, 0.5%?aluminum?1.2%, 0.5%?silicon?1%, Si+Al?1.3%, 0.05%?chromium?0.2%, 0.015%?niobium?0.03%, sulphur?0.003%, phosphorus?0.03% and optionally 0.005%?titanium?0.05%, 0.001%?molybdenum?0.05%, a remainder of the composition including iron and the unavoidable impurities. A microstructure of the coated steel sheet includes, in area fraction, 10 to 20% residual austenite, said austenite phase having a carbon content between 0.9 to 1.1%, 40 to 55% polygonal ferrite, 15 to 40% granular bainite and at least 5% tempered martensite, a sum of tempered martensite and residual austenite being between 20 to 30%. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet is provided. The steel sheet includes a composition including 0.17%?carbon?0.24%, 1.9%?manganese?2.2%, 0.5%?aluminum?1.2%, 0.5%?silicon?1%, Si+Al?1.3%, 0.05%?chromium?0.2%, 0.015%?niobium?0.03%, sulphur?0.003%, phosphorus?0.03% and optionally 0.005%?titanium?0.05%, 0.001%?molybdenum?0.05%, a remainder of the composition including iron and the unavoidable impurities. A microstructure of the coated steel sheet includes, in area fraction, 10 to 20% residual austenite, said austenite phase having a carbon content between 0.9 to 1.1%, 40 to 55% polygonal ferrite, 15 to 40% granular bainite and at least 5% tempered martensite, a sum of tempered martensite and residual austenite being between 20 to 30%. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of at least 1100 MPa, a total elongation TE according to ISO standard 6892-1 of at least 12%, the product TSxTE of the tensile strength by the total elongation being at least 14200 MPa %, and a hole expansion ratio HER according to ISO standard 16630:2009 of at least 25%, the method including the following successive steps: providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 2.0%?Mn?2.7%, with C+Mn/10?0.420%, 0?Cr?0.40%, with Mn+Cr?2.25%, 0.2%?Si?1.6%, 0.02%?Al?1.2%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.2%, 0?Nb?0.035%, 0?Mo?0.1%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and at most 35% of intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from a temperature of at least 600° C. at a cooling rate comprised between 20° C./s and 50° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet of thickness between 0.7 mm and 2 mm, mechanical strength ranging from 1180 MPa to 1320 MPa, wherein the hole expansion ratio Ac % is greater than 20% and the bending angle is greater than or equal to 40°. The chemical composition includes, the contents being expressed as weight percent: 0.09%?C?0.11%, 2.6%?Mn?2.8%, 0.20%?Si?0.55%, 0.25%?Cr<0.5%, 0.025%?Ti?0.040%, 0.0015%?B?0.0025%, 0.005%?Al?0.18%, 0.08%?Mo?0.15%, 0.020%?Nb?0.040%, 0.002%?N?0.007%, 0.0005%?S?0.005%, 0.001%?P?0.020%, Ca?0.003%, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities resulting from processing. The sheet has a microstructure including martensite or lower bainite.

Abstract: A cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet is provided, the chemical composition of which comprises, the contents being expressed by weight percent: 0.10?C?0.13% 2.4?Mn?2.8% 0.30?Si?0.55% 0.30?Cr?0.56% 0.020?Ti?0.050% 0.0020?B?0.0040% 0.005?Al?0.050% Mo?0.010% Nb?0.040% 0.002?N?0.008% S?0.005% P?0.020%, the remainder consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, the steel sheet having a microstructure consisting of, in surface proportion, martensite and/or lower bainite, said martensite comprising fresh martensite and/or self-tempered martensite, the sum of the surface proportions of martensite and lower bainite being comprised between 60 to 95%, 4 to 35% of low carbide containing bainite, 0 to 5% of ferrite, and less than 5% of retained austenite in island form.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel sheet is provided. The method includes providing a cold-rolled steel sheet including in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 1.4%?Mn?2.6%, 0.6%?Si?1.5%, 0.02%?Al?1.0%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.0%, 0?Nb?0.035%, 0?Mo?0.3%, 0?Cr?0.3%, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 to obtaining at least 40% austenite and at least 40% intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from at least 600° C. at a cooling rate of at least 20° C./s to a quenching temperature between 180° C. and 260° C., heating the sheet to a partitioning temperature between 375° C. and 470° C. and maintaining the sheet at this partitioning temperature for a partitioning time Pt between 25 s and 440 s, then cooling the sheet to room temperature. A steel sheet is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet of thickness between 0.7 mm and 2 mm, mechanical strength ranging from 1180 MPa to 1320 MPa, wherein the hole expansion ratio Ac % is greater than 20% and the bending angle is greater than or equal to 40°. The chemical composition includes, the contents being expressed as weight percent: 0.09%?C?0.11%, 2.6%?Mn?2.8%, 0.20%?Si?0.55%, 0.25%?Cr<0.5%, 0.025%?Ti?0.040%, 0.0015%?B?0.0025%, 0.005%?Al?0.18%, 0.08%?Mo?0.15%, 0.020%?Nb?0.040%, 0.002%?N?0.007%, 0.0005%?S?0.005%, 0.001%?P?0.020%, Ca?0.003%, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities resulting from processing. The sheet has a microstructure including martensite or lower bainite.

Abstract: A cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet is provided, the chemical composition of which comprises, the contents being expressed by weight percent: 0.10?C?0.13% 2.4?Mn?2.8% 0.30?Si?0.55% 0.30?Cr?0.56% 0.020?Ti?0.050% 0.0020?B?0.0040% 0.005?Al?0.050% Mo?0.010% Nb?0.040% 0.002?N?0.008% S?0.005% P?0.020%, the remainder consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, the steel sheet having a microstructure consisting of, in surface proportion, martensite and/or lower bainite, said martensite comprising fresh martensite and/or self-tempered martensite, the sum of the surface proportions of martensite and lower bainite being comprised between 60 to 95%, 4 to 35% of low carbide containing bainite, 0 to 5% of ferrite, and less than 5% of retained austenite in island form.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for the fabrication of an impregnated cathode and a cathode obtained thereby. The impregnation is obtained by applying a sol-gel method. The emissive material which impregnates the body of the cathode only partially fills the pores. This facilitates the migration of the material towards the surface and increases the lifetime of the cathode.