Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a porous graphene layer across a precursor material layer on a substrate.

Abstract: A method of measuring the surface roughness of a component using an optical system comprising a tunable laser light source and a camera system. Positioning the component to be measured upon a mount in front of the optical system. Capturing a first image of the component at a first location at a first wavelength ?1, and then capturing a second image of the component at the first location at a second wavelength ?2. Determining the Speckle Statistical Correlation (SSC) coefficient of the first and second images. Plotting the SSC coefficient for the combined first and second images. Calculating the roughness parameters Ra and Rq from the SSC coefficient plot. Plotting a roughness map for the imaged surface from the calculated roughness parameters Ra and Rq. Moving the optical system to a new location and repeating steps (b) to (f) at the new location, and repeating these steps until a desired area of the component has been imaged.

Abstract: The invention features the drawbridge assembly and its applications in optical switches, optical crossconnects, optical add/drop multiplexers and variable optical attenuators. In optical switches and optical crossconnects, an array of the drawbridge assemblies can be used to redirect the multiple input lights to multiple outputs. In add/drop multiplexers, the drawbridge assemblies can select the light channels to be added and dropped. In the attenuator embodiment, a vertical mirror is inserted into two fibers, the first one as the input and the second one as output. The drawbridge assembly controls the position of the vertical mirror for blocking a certain portion of the light and enabling the attenuation. The continuous change of the mirror position results in variable attenuation. A series of VOA form a multi-channel VOA system on a single substrate.

Abstract: The invention features the drawbridge assembly and its applications in optical switches, optical crossconnects, optical add/drop multiplexers and variable optical attenuators. In optical switches and optical crossconnects, an array of the drawbridge assemblies can be used to redirect the multiple input lights to multiple outputs. In add/drop multiplexers, the drawbridge assemblies can select the light channels to be added and dropped. In the attenuator embodiment, a vertical mirror is inserted into two fibers, the first one as the input and the second one as output. The drawbridge assembly controls the position of the vertical mirror for blocking a certain portion of the light and enabling the attenuation. The continuous change of the mirror position results in variable attenuation. A series of VOA form a multi-channel VOA system on a single substrate.