Abstract: An increased efficiency Concentrator Photovoltaic System having a plurality of solar cells laterally spaced from each other on a substrate panel. The solar cells are mounted on metal traces that support the cells and provide a path for the electrical output of the individual cells. Ribbons or wires, which provide a connection between the front contact of the solar cells to the appropriate metal traces form a circuit connecting the cells in desired configurations, Intercellular areas are provided between the lateral edges of the respective solar cells. A plurality of tubular enclosures are mounted directly above the solar cells. The top edge of the tubular enclosures have a circumference greater than the circumference of the bottom edges of the tubular enclosures. The inner surfaces of the tubular enclosure walls are reflective and direct solar rays to the respective solar cells thereby increasing the efficiency of the Photovoltaic system.

Abstract: An increased efficiency Concentrator Photovoltaic System having a plurality of solar cells laterally spaced from each other on a substrate panel. The solar cells are mounted on electrically conductive areas of an otherwise non-conductive top surface of the substrate with each cell isolated from another by a non-conductive area. The individual cells are connected using ribbons or wires, between the front contact of the solar cells to the conductive area of another cell to form a circuit connecting the cells in a desired configuration. A plurality of tubular enclosures for concentrating light on the solar cells are mounted directly above the solar cells.

Abstract: A transistor having input, reference and output terminals includes a ceramic base with a metallized area plated thereon and a transistor die supported on the metallized area. The metallized area and the transistor die provide in an equivalent output circuit of the transistor a shunt capacitance which in combination with other characteristics in the equivalent output circuit adversely affects the output impedance, internal losses, and bandwidth of the transistor. A reactance branch including an inductor is connected between the metallized area and the reference terminal to provide in the equivalent output circuit an inductance which resonates with the shunt capacitance. By thus reducing the influence of the shunt capacitance in the equivalent output circuit, the reactance branch increases the output impedance, decreases the internal losses, and increases the bandwidth of the transistor.