Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an aralkyl halide and a trialkyl phosphite are brought into contact with each other in a reactor at a temperature below about 50° C. to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is then refluxed in the reactor to produce the aralkyl dialkyl phosphonate and an alkyl halide, at least a portion of which can be effectively separated from the aralkyl dialkyl phosphonate during refluxing. The aralkyl dialkyl phosphonate can be recovered as a bottoms product after removal of unreacted reactants and/or unwanted by-products are removed as overhead products via low-pressure distillation. The method allows for the preparation of aralkyl dialkyl phosphonates in high yield, without the need for solvents and/or catalysts and at relatively low reaction temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the preparation of aralkyl phosphonic acids and aryl phosphonic acids. In a first method of the invention, an aralkyl dialkyl phosphonate is contacted with an aqueous acidic solution under reflux conditions. Upon cooling, solid crystals of the corresponding aralkyl phosphonic acid are obtained, which can be collected via filtration. In a second method of the invention, an aryl phosphorous dihalide is added to a pot containing an aqueous nitric acid solution while maintaining the pot temperature below about 50° C. and then allowing the reactants to self-reflux. Upon cooling, crystals of the corresponding aryl phosphonic acid are obtained, which can be collected via filtration.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an amine oxide as an additive in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is suitable for use in electrochemical cells such as lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries. Batteries using this electrolyte solution have long life and high capacity retention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a neo diol phosphite stabilizer by a direct/solvent-less method, wherein a neoalkyl chlorophosphite is reacted directly with a mono- or di-substituted hydroxylated aromatic compound, for neo diol phosphite product having little or no odor is provided. Also provided are polymeric compositions comprising a stabilizing amount of a neo diol phosphite having low to no odor.