Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, devices and compositions comprising nucleic acid captor molecules with a stem region and a loop region for detecting target nucleic acids.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for determining the sensitivity of a target to a therapeutic formula. The systems include a measurement device for measuring properties of a target sample fluid housed within a cartridge (the cartridge having at least one test compartment and at least one control compartment). Methods can include determining the concentration of the target suspended in a target sample fluid and placing the target sample fluid into at least one test compartment comprising a first therapeutic formula. The system, via a processor, measures the properties of the sample fluid, compares the measured properties to a threshold property, determines the sensitivity of a target species to a therapeutic formula, and presents an indicator of the target sensitivity to an end user. In some embodiments, the sensitivity data can be stored to a database for later use by an adaptive machine learning tool.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A bridge circuit arrangement, method of providing said bridge circuit arrangement, and uses thereof are described. The bridge circuit arrangement comprises a first photodevice configured on a first arm, a second photodevice configured on a second arm, a first resistor configured on a third arm, and a second resistor configured on a fourth arm of the bridge. The first and second photodevice provide current flow.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, devices and compositions comprising nucleic acid captor molecules with a stem region and a loop region for detecting target nucleic acids.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising one or more optical energy source is disclosed. In various embodiments one or more beam splitter/combiner is implemented to receive optical energy from the one or more optical energy source. One or more beam splitter/combiner provides provide optical energy to detector(s) to determine glucose in a body tissue.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A bridge circuit arrangement, method of providing said bridge circuit arrangement, and uses thereof are described. The bridge circuit arrangement comprises a first photodevice configured on a first arm, a second photodevice configured on a second arm, a first resistor configured on a third arm, and a second resistor configured on a fourth arm of the bridge. The first and second photodevice provide current flow.

Abstract: A glucose sensor comprising an optical energy source having an emitter with an emission pattern; a first polarizer intersecting the emission pattern; a second polarizer spaced a distance from the first polarizer and intersecting the emission pattern, the second polarizer rotated relative to the first polarizer by a first rotational amount ?; a first optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a second optical detector positioned proximal to the second polarizer, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being positioned between the optical energy source and the second optical detector, the second optical detector intersecting the emission pattern; a compensating circuit coupled to the second optical detector; and a subtractor circuit coupled to the compensating circuit and the first optical detector.

Abstract: A bridge circuit arrangement, method of providing said bridge circuit arrangement, and uses thereof are described. The bridge circuit arrangement comprises a first photodevice configured on a first arm, a second photodevice configured on a second arm, a first resistor configured on a third, the first resistor being a variable resistor and a second resistor configured on a fourth arm of the bridge, the second resistor being a constant resistor. The first and second photodevice provide current flow in opposing directions. The first photodevice on the first arm includes a third resistor having an equivalent resistance to the first photodevice. The second photodevice on the second arm includes a fourth resistor having an equivalent resistance to the second photodevice. The bridge circuit arrangement is balanced by illuminating the first and second photodiode and adjusting the arrangement so the net current is zero.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for normalizing path length in an optical system for non-invasive glucose concentration. A method arrangement includes providing an optical energy source spaced from a first photo-detector by a sensing area; transmitting energy from the optical energy source onto the first photo-detector; storing a first reading corresponding to the light intensity observed by the first photo-detector; subsequently, introducing a container of solution including an optically active substance into the sampling area; transmitting energy from the optical energy source through the container in the sampling area and onto the first photo-detector; storing a second reading corresponding to the light intensity observed by the first photo-detector; determining a ratio of the first reading to the second reading; and determining a path length L by computing L=ln(ratio)/? where ? is an absorption constant of the optical energy in the solution and container. Additional arrangements are disclosed.