Abstract: A method and a device for measuring the statistical distribution of a physical quantity by a sensor. At each observation of the physical quantity, the sensor provides, in the form of a binary vector, a quantised value of this quantity. Afterwards, this binary vector is projected onto a measurement space with a smaller dimension than the number of quantisation levels in order to provide a vector representative of the quantised value. The measurement vector of the histogram is updated on the fly by adding thereto the vector representative of the quantised value. Afterwards, this measurement vector may be used as an input variable of a neural network trained beforehand to predict a target variable dependent on the statistical distribution of the physical quantity.