Abstract: A method is provided to extend the high temperature and/or high pressure operating range of a primary radiation-transmitting element 5,6 by the addition of a secondary enclosure 15,16 for containing a pressurized gas atmosphere and a secondary radiation-transmitting element 23,24 wherein the primary radiation-transmitting element 5,6 experiences a reduced pressure differential.

Abstract: A flow-through cell for spectroscopy has very small dead-volume and is designed for minimal mixing. Windows at each end of the optical cell formed in a massive block are swept by the true flow, with outlets and inlets into the cell being tortuous and having at least a part parallel to and defined by the window. The windows may be held in the block by angular screw means engaged in blocks which are of a different material from that of the rings. The body of the optical cavity is between 0.4 mm and 6 mm in diameter and has a length between 1 cm and 15 cm to be traversed by an analyzing beam. The operating range is typically from between 20.degree. and 270.degree. C. and over a pressure range of from between vacuum and 2000 PSIG.

Abstract: A cell for spectroscopy allow examination of a sample under wide ranges of temperature and pressure conditions and by different modes of operation. A sample to be examined is housed at the end of a probe (1) which projects into and is enclosed within a housing. Heating and/or refrigerating means can act on the sample, which may be mounted so that radiation emitted through a window in the housing emanates from the part of the sample nearest the heating or refrigerating means. The probe has a wall of a thickness which diminishes along its length away from the end and the housing has a wall of a thickness which increases in the same direction. An end cap of the housing is removable and replaceable by other end caps having e.g. mirrors to enable reflection spectroscopy or further refrigerating means.

Abstract: The invention provides a spectral analysis cell for the batch spectroscopic analysis of materials. The cell incorporates an integral trapping chamber whereby a sample may be trapped in any conventional manner in for example a sample trapping tube and delivered to the trapping chamber where it can be vaporized so as to deliver a vapor from the sample trapping tube to the interior of the cell.