Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a first electrode disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode; and an organic light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode, and an optical property modification layer having at least one optical property modified from that of the reflective electrode is formed on a surface of the reflective layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus that improves image quality characteristics, the organic light-emitting display apparatus including: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate; a pixel-defining layer (PDL) formed on the first electrode to expose a set or predetermined region of the first electrode; an intermediate layer formed in the exposed predetermined region of the first electrode and including an organic emission layer; and a second electrode having a light-scattering face facing the substrate or facing oppositely away from the substrate, the second electrode being disposed on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An organic layer deposition apparatus including an electrostatic chuck combined with a substrate so as to fixedly support the substrate. The organic layer deposition apparatus including a receiving surface that has a set curvature for receiving the substrate; a deposition source for discharging a deposition material toward the substrate; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles arranged in a first direction; and a patterning slit sheet disposed to face the deposition source nozzle unit, and having a plurality of patterning slits arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein a cross section of the patterning slit sheet on a plane formed by lines extending in the second direction and a third direction is bent by a set degree, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the first and second directions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a T-fastener delivery device. The device includes a belt and a pusher rod. The belt includes a plurality of slots for holding a plurality of T-bars substantially parallel to one another in a side-by-side arrangement; and the belt is moveable such that the slots can be sequentially aligned with the pusher rod. Also disclosed are methods for creating a gastric pouch in the stomach of an obese patient and methods for reducing lower esophageal sphincter distraction with gastric filling in a subject. Suturing systems are also disclosed One suturing system includes a plurality of T-fasteners and a continuous suture connecting the plurality of T-fasteners. The T-fastener comprises a cylindrical bar having a filament loop attached thereto substantially at the cylindrical bar's axial midpoint, and the continuous suture slidably passes through the T-fasteners' filament loops. Another suturing system includes a plurality of T-fasteners; and a continuous suture connecting the plurality of T-fasteners.