Abstract: In one embodiment of the disclosure, a diffraction grating structure is proposed comprising several grating lines. The diffraction grating structure is associated with a propagation layer, and the diffraction grating structure is made of a material that has a refractive index being equal to n2(?). The diffraction grating structure is remarkable in that it comprises T grating lines per ?m, with T=(n2(?)+1)/2?, where ? is a wavelength defined from an incident electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: In example embodiments, a waveguide display apparatus includes a waveguide comprising a substrate, a plurality of diffractive grating elements on the waveguide, and at least two coating layers on the waveguide between the substrate and the diffractive grating elements. The grating elements may be elements of a diffractive in-coupler. Some embodiments include three coating layers, with a middle layer having a refractive index greater than that of the substrate, the middle layer being between two layers having a refractive index lower than that of the substrate. Some embodiments further include a fourth coating layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image sensor (21) comprising an array of pixels, wherein a set of pixels of the array comprises pixels with different height levels arranged according to their height level and relative position to an optical axis (22) of the image sensor, wherein each pixel of the set can take one height level i among N different height levels, N?2, where i=1 is the smallest height level and i=N is the highest height level. According to the disclosure, for a pixel of the set having a first height level equal to n, 2?n?N, and an adjacent pixel of the set having a second height level equal to m, lower than the first height level, in at least one of horizontal, vertical, or diagonal scanning direction, from a point at which the optical axis (22) intersects the image sensor (21) to at least one rim of the image sensor, the second height level m is equal to n?1.

Abstract: A method for reducing the parameters defining an acquired light field ray which enables only the colour associated with the light field ray to be stored instead of 4 light field co-ordinates (x,y,i,j) and its associated colour.

Abstract: Example embodiments include an optical system comprising a waveguide substrate. A diffractive coupler is associated with the waveguide substrate, the diffractive coupler comprising at least two diffraction gratings. Each of the diffraction gratings includes a first layer of grating elements and a second layer of grating elements, the first and second layers of grating elements being arranged in different planes. The first and second layers of grating elements each have a grating period associated with the respective diffraction grating, and the grating elements of the second layer have a lateral offset with respect to the grating elements of the first layer.

Abstract: Processing image information associated with a 3D scene can involve obtaining image data associated with at least one layer of the 3D scene; determining at least one phase increment distribution associated with the at least one layer for modifying at the at least one layer an image size associated with the scene; and determining a propagation of an image wave front, corresponding to the at least one layer, to a result layer at a distance from the scene to form a propagated image wave front at the result layer representing a hologram of the scene, wherein determining the propagation includes applying the at least one phase increment distribution associated with the at least one layer to the image wave front at the at least one layer.

Abstract: Embodiments include an optical system that may be included in a waveguide display. A waveguide apparatus according to some embodiments includes an in-coupler grating having a first grating vector G1 substantially perpendicular to a first axis, x; a first eye pupil expander grating having a second grating vector G2 and a first angle ?G with respect to the first axis; a second eye pupil expander grating having a third grating vector G3 and an angle substantially equal to 90° + ?G with respect to the first axis; and an out-coupler grating having a fourth grating vector G4 substantially perpendicular to the first axis. Example embodiments describe relationships among the grating vectors, the angle ?G, and associated parameters to achieve a satisfactory field of view while reducing distortion.

Abstract: Example embodiments include a display apparatus having an image generator, a waveguide having an in-coupler and an out-coupler, and a prism or other light-deflecting component along an optical path between the image generator and the in-coupler. The image generator may have an optical axis that is not normal to the waveguide, and the waveguide may not be normal to a line of sight. The prism may be configured to deflect light such that light emitted along the optical axis is deflected to a direction such that the light from the optical axis is out-coupled at a direction substantially parallel to the line of sight. The non-normal arrangement of the image generator and line of sight with respect to the waveguide may allow a glasses-like display to better accommodate the form of a user's head.

Abstract: In example embodiments, an optical component includes a dielectric structure having a substantially rectangular cross-section with an upper surface and a lower surface. A first electrically conducting layer is provided on the upper surface, where the first electrically conducting layer has a first opening positioned to accept incoming electromagnetic radiation. The second electrically conducting layer has a second opening positioned to emit electromagnetic radiation, e.g. toward a CMOS sensor pixel in a silicon substrate. The dimensions of the optical component are configured to provide constructive interference for incident radiation of a selected wavelength.

Abstract: In example embodiments, an optical system includes a waveguide having a first surface and a second surface substantially opposite the first surface. A reflective diffractive in-coupler is provided in the waveguide between the first and second surfaces for coupling blue light. A first transmissive diffractive in-coupler is provided in the waveguide between the reflective diffractive in-coupler and the second surface for coupling red light. Some embodiments further include a second transmissive diffractive in-coupler on the first surface for coupling blue light at high incident angles. Green light may be coupled by one or more of the in-couplers. The waveguide may further be provided with corresponding diffractive out-couplers for use in a waveguide display system.

Abstract: In example embodiments, a diffraction grating includes a substrate having an outer surface, the substrate having a first refractive index. A plurality of grating elements are provided on the substrate. The grating elements may have a step-like structure. In some embodiments, each grating element includes a stepped channel that is inset into the substrate. The stepped channel has a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index. In some embodiments, the stepped channel is a two-step channel having a first step along the outer surface of the substrate and a second step extending inward from the first step. In some embodiments, the first step has a greater width than the second step.

Abstract: Embodiments include an optical system that may be included in a waveguide display. An example apparatus includes an image generator configured to generate an image having an upper portion and a lower portion. A waveguide is provided with an in-coupler and an out-coupler, the in-coupler being arranged to couple the upper and lower portions of the image along an optical path to the out-coupler. Along the optical path, at least first and second polarization-selective diffraction gratings are configured to cooperatively direct the upper portion of the image toward the out-coupler. At least third and fourth polarization-selective diffraction gratings are configured to cooperatively direct the lower portion of the image toward the out-coupler.

Abstract: In example embodiments, a diffractive element is provided. The diffractive element may include a substrate. A plurality of grating elements are provided on the substrate. Each grating element includes a first ridge region comprising a first ridge body region and a first core element, a second ridge region comprising a second ridge body region and a second core element, and a saddle region extending between the first and second ridge regions. In some embodiments, the first ridge body, the second ridge body, and the saddle region have a first refractive index (n2), and the first core element and second core element have a second refractive index (n4) greater than the first refractive index.

Abstract: An eyewear apparatus is disclosed which comprises at least one light display engine (LDE) configured to generate at least one image on a display (disp1) of said light display engine, a waveguide (WG) configured for guiding light from the light display engine towards an eye of a user to make said image (Im1) visible to the user, wherein said display (disp1) is shifted (d) on one side with respect to an optical axis of said light display engine such that said image (Im1) is visible to the user on a corresponding side of a field of view (HFoV) of said eyewear apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an image sensor comprising pixels for acquiring color information from incoming visible light, wherein said image sensor comprising at least two pixels being partially covered by a color splitter structure comprising a first part and a second part, each of said first and second parts being adjacent to a dielectric part, each of said dielectric part having a first refractive index n1 (said first part having a second refractive index n2, and said second part having a third refractive index n3, wherein n1<n3<n2, and wherein according to a cross section, the first part of said color splitter structure has a first width W1, a height H and the second part of said color splitter structure has a second width W2, and the same height H, and wherein said color splitter structure has a first, a second and a third edges at the interfaces between parts having different refractive indexes, each edge generating beams or nanojets, and wherein said height H is close to a value Formul (I), where

Abstract: A method for presenting an image on a display device (100) includes modifying the image by applying a geometric transformation to the image so that an area of the image on the display device is presented to a viewer with higher density of pixels than that in the rest of the image (S18).

Abstract: A diffraction grating includes a plurality of grating unit cells positioned in a periodic array on a substrate surface. In cross-section, a grating unit cell includes a homogeneous dielectric host medium with a first refractive index n1, embedding at least a first block of a first dielectric material with a second refractive index n2, a side edge of which is in direct contact with at least a second block of a second dielectric material with a third refractive index n3. Both the first block and the second block have a trapezoidal cross-section. The plurality of grating unit cells provides a non-symmetrical response for positive first diffraction order and negative first diffraction order based on nanojet hot spot positions, the nanojets being generated at edges between dielectric materials with different refractive indexes.

Abstract: An example optical device includes a first waveguide (WG1) having a first diffractive in-coupler and a second waveguide (WG2) having a second diffractive in-coupler. The first diffractive in-coupler is configured to couple into the first waveguide (WG1) a first angular range ([?ThetaCWG1, ?ThetaGWG1]) and a non-overlapping second angular range ([ThetaGWG1, ThetaCWG1]) of incident light. At least a portion of the incident light that is not coupled into the first waveguide (WG1) is transmitted to the second diffractive in-coupler. The second diffractive in-coupler is configured to couple a third angular range ([?ThetaGWG1?ThetaCWG1]) of the incident light, where the third angular range includes angles between the first angular range and the second angular range. Embodiments of the optical device may include an image generator for use in a display device.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an image sensor comprising a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the set comprises a first and a second element, the first element comprising a photodiode module unit, and the second element being an element for filtering color and focusing incident light into said first element. The image sensor further comprises at least two consecutive pixels from the set of pixels, for which first elements are put side by side, and wherein the image sensor comprises a gap between second elements of said at least two consecutive pixels.

Abstract: A device comprising filtering means having a pattern of at least four blocks wherein a second block is located vertical to a first block, a third block is located horizontal to said first block and a fourth block is located vertical to said third block and horizontal to said second block; and means to generate a new image from images captured using said filtered rays.