Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a disease can include detecting, in a sample from a patient, an autoantibody binding to Septin-7. A polypeptide comprising Septin-7 or a variant thereof can be used for the diagnosis of a disease. Preferably, the polypeptide is used to detect an autoantibody binding to Septin-7 in a sample. A kit is useful for the diagnosis of a disease. The kit may include a polypeptide that includes Septin-7 or a variant thereof or a medical device that includes a polypeptide that includes Septin-7 or a variant thereof and an autoantibody to Septin-7.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for treating a neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder such as NMO. For example, one or more tetracycline antibiotics can be administered to a mammal having, or at risk of developing, a NMO spectrum disorder to treat the mammal.

Abstract: Methods and materials herein are useful for assessing and/or treating autoimmune ataxias associated with septin-specific autoantibodies septin-5-specific autoantibodies For example, septin-5 polypeptides are provided as well as methods for using septin-5 polypeptides to detect septin-5-specific autoantibodies and/or to treat a mammal having an autoimmune ataxia.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating autoimmune GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) astrocytopathy, a novel meningoencephalomyelitis, in humans as well as methods and materials for identifying and offering early treatment for patients having autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy whose autoantibody profile predicts a high likelihood of having underlying cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma or teratoma).

Abstract: Methods and materials herein are useful for assessing and/or treating autoimmune ataxias associated with septin-specific autoantibodies (e.g., septin-5-specific autoantibodies). For example, septin-5 polypeptides are provided as well as methods for using septin-5 polypeptides to detect septin-5-specific autoantibodies and/or to treat a mammal having an autoimmune ataxia.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating autoimmune GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) astrocytopathy, a novel meningoencephalomyelitis, in humans as well as methods and materials for identifying and offering early treatment for patients having autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy whose autoantibody profile predicts a high likelihood of having underlying cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma or teratoma).

Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and compositions for detecting the presence of a Kelch-like protein 11 autoantibody in a biological sample. Also provided are methods of treating subjects with testicular cancer or a premalignant condition and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis.

Abstract: Materials and methods for detecting LUZP4 IgG in a mammal, as well as materials and methods for using LUZP4 as a serological biomarker of germ cell tumors and paraneoplastic autoimmunity, are provided herein. Also provided herein are materials and methods for treating a mammal identified as having anti-LUZP4 autoantibodies.

Abstract: Methods and materials herein are useful for assessing and/or treating autoimmune ataxics associated with septin-specific autoantibodies (e.g., septin-5-specific autoantibodies). For example, septin-5 polypeptides are provided as well as methods for using septin-5 polypeptides to detect septin-5-specific autoantibodies and/or to treat a mammal having an autoimmune ataxia.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for detecting PCA-2-specific autoantibodies, which can be associated with paraneoplastic neurological disorders and cancers associated with PCA-2-specific autoantibodies.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a disease can include detecting, in a sample from a patient, an autoantibody binding to Septin-7. A polypeptide comprising Septin-7 or a variant thereof can be used for the diagnosis of a disease. Preferably, the polypeptide is used to detect an autoantibody binding to Septin-7 in a sample. A kit is useful for the diagnosis of a disease. The kit may include a polypeptide that includes Septin-7 or a variant thereof or a medical device that includes a polypeptide that includes Septin-7 or a variant thereof and an autoantibody to Septin-7.

Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.

Abstract: Methods for modulating the release and content of extracellular vesicles from target cells using electrical stimulation are provided. Compositions comprising extracellular vesicles or extracts of extracellular vesicles and methods of administering the compositions to a subject are also provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for detecting PCA-2-specific autoantibodies, which can be associated with paraneoplastic neurological disorders and cancers associated with PCA-2-specific autoantibodies.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating autoimmune GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) astrocytopathy, a novel meningoencephalomyelitis, in humans as well as methods and materials for identifying and offering early treatment for patients having autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy whose autoantibody profile predicts a high likelihood of having underlying cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma or teratoma).

Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides prognostic methods for evaluating the severity of NMO and NMO-associated diseases as well as methods of treating NMO and NMO-associated diseases.