Abstract: Data processing systems for predicting one or more responses to a chemical substance based on biological images. At least some of the data processing systems include at least one processor configured to execute at least one artificial neural network trained to predict one or more responses to a chemical substance based on biological images. When the at least one processor is executing computer-executable instructions, the at least one processor is configured to carry out operations including processing spatially arranged image tile data through one or more data structures storing one or more portions of executable logic included in the artificial neural network to determine one or more responses of a patient to the chemical substance.