Abstract: A system for securing a secret word during a read of the secret word from a read-only memory (ROM) is disclosed. The system includes a memory controller coupled to the ROM and a random number generator coupled to the memory controller. The random number generator is configured to generate a random number. The system further includes a number shuffler coupled to the random number generator and the memory controller. The number shuffler is configured to generate a bit read order based on the random number and the memory controller is configured to read bits of the secret word from the ROM according to the bit read order.

Abstract: A system for securing a secret word during a read of the secret word from a read-only memory (ROM) is disclosed. The system includes a memory controller coupled to the ROM and a random number generator coupled to the memory controller. The random number generator is configured to generate a random number. The system further includes a number shuffler coupled to the random number generator and the memory controller. The number shuffler is configured to generate a bit read order based on the random number and the memory controller is configured to read bits of the secret word from the ROM according to the bit read order.

Abstract: A system for securing a secret word during a read of the secret word from a read-only memory (ROM) is disclosed. The system includes a memory controller coupled to the ROM and a random number generator coupled to the memory controller. The random number generator is configured to generate a random number. The system further includes a number shuffler coupled to the random number generator and the memory controller. The number shuffler is configured to generate a bit read order based on the random number and the memory controller is configured to read bits of the secret word from the ROM according to the bit read order.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for multi-directionally predicting a plurality of output molecules through reaction prediction steps, computing similarity between the multi-directionally predicted output molecules, and using the generated data to predict chemical pathways.

Abstract: In a method of assessing a bio-chemical synthesis pathway, input data (that is, data representing a chemical pathway, a reaction, and/or a molecule) is processed to extract a feature of at least one selected from an association of a molecular substructure, an association of at least one molecular substructure classified according to a molecular transformation type, and an association of a reaction transformation type. The input data may be ranked or filtered based on an association measure extracted from a chemical knowledgebase (e.g., database storing chemical data), thereby enabling a prediction or selection of an appropriate chemical pathway, reaction, and/or molecule.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for designing and processing a rule pipeline for in silico prediction of chemical reactions. The method includes designing a rule pipeline from at least one rule for chemical conversion and processing at least one input molecule by using the designed rule pipeline to predict a chemical reaction based on a processing result of the processing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for multi-directionally predicting a plurality of output molecules through reaction prediction steps, computing similarity between the multi-directionally predicted output molecules, and using the generated data to predict chemical pathways.

Abstract: In a method of assessing a bio-chemical synthesis pathway, input data (that is, data representing a chemical pathway, a reaction, and/or a molecule) is processed to extract a feature of at least one selected from an association of a molecular substructure, an association of at least one molecular substructure classified according to a molecular transformation type, and an association of a reaction transformation type. The input data may be ranked or filtered based on an association measure extracted from a chemical knowledgebase (e.g., database storing chemical data), thereby enabling a prediction or selection of an appropriate chemical pathway, reaction, and/or molecule.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for designing and processing a rule pipeline for in silico prediction of chemical reactions. The method includes designing a rule pipeline from at least one rule for chemical conversion and processing at least one input molecule by using the designed rule pipeline to predict a chemical reaction based on a processing result of the processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying enzymes for catalysing biochemical reactions include receiving input of reaction(s) and/or target molecule(s) along with data associated with chemical conversion, determining functional and linker region(s) in the input, scanning a transformation library for the determined functional region(s) of the reaction(s) and/or the target molecule(s) to find similar functional region(s) within the transformation library, assigning the reaction(s) and/or target molecule(s) to group(s) of the transformation library showing a high similarity to the transformation, computing a metabolite similarity score of the reaction(s) and/or target molecule(s) with respect to one or more reactions of the assigned group, and identifying enzyme(s) associated with the reaction(s) of the assigned group having a high metabolite similarity score. A transformation library is also generated.