Abstract: Distinguishing user-initiated activity from application-initiated activity, including: gathering first information generated by a browser extension of a browser executed on a user device, wherein the first information describes activity associated with the browser; gathering second information generated by a client application executed on the user device, wherein the second information describes activity associated with the user device; and determining whether a user has deviated from normal activity by determining, based on the first information, whether at least a portion of the activity described in the second information comprises user-initiated activity or browser-initiated activity.