Abstract: Antibodies are produced that recognize peptides displayed in the context of MHC molecules and thus mimic the specificity of a T cell receptor (TCR). The antibodies are produced by immunizing a host with at least one peptide/MHC complex to elicit an immune response thereto. The desired antibodies can differentiate the peptide/MHC complex from the MHC molecule alone, the peptide alone, and a complex of MHC and irrelevant peptide. Finally, the desired antibodies are isolated.

Abstract: The invention relates to transgenic non-human animals capable of producing heterologous T-cell receptors and transgenic non-human animals having inactivated endogenous T-cell receptor genes. The invention also relates to methods and vectors and transgenes for making such transgenic non-human animals.

Abstract: A method and a cloning vector are described for the controlled accumulation of cloned heterologous gene products in Bacillus subtilis. The cloning vector is capable of being replicated in B. subtilis and includes the heterologous gene located and oriented such as to be under the control of an operator, promoter, and ribosome binding site sequence. The gene codes for a protein which is under the control of a transport mechanism by which the protein is secreted by the B. subtilis. The gene product is recovered from the growth medium for the B. subtilis. The cloning vector is also capable of similar use in other bacteria such as E. coli.