Abstract: Method and systems for assessing the authenticity of a candidate product compare molecular sensor generated spectrum data for the candidate product with spectrum data for the identified product. A method includes receiving data identifying a product and spectrum data generated by scanning the one or more locations of the candidate product with a molecular sensor that emits electromagnetic radiation onto the candidate product and includes a spectrometer to generate the received spectrum data for resulting electromagnetic radiation reflections from the candidate product. The received spectrum data is compared with spectrum data for the identified product. The candidate product is classified as authenticated or non-authenticated based on the results of the comparison between the received spectrum data for the candidate product and the spectrum data for the identified product.

Abstract: A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for recovering a proteinaceous material from a fermentable organic material, comprising: (i) forming an aqueous mixture of a fermentable organic material and a fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, wherein the organic material is a vegetable material containing protein; (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol; (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water; (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution; and (v) subjecting the first stream to a protein recovery step in which at least part of the fibre in the unfermented organic material is separated from the unfermented organic material to pr

Abstract: A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A router (14) for use in a communication network (10) and an associated method. The router (14) includes input ports each having an associated input buffer for receiving data packets from a sending device and output ports for sending data packets to a receiving device. The router (14) also includes a means to direct data packets from the or each input port to one or more of the output ports and a means for providing information to each sending device such that a determination may be made as to whether or not the sending device may transmit packets in order to assure lossless transfer. The means to direct data packets from a particular input port includes a method of control in order to regulate the transfer of data packets, where this regulation is based on a count of the data packets previously transferred from that input port and not yet output from the output port.

Abstract: A router (14) for use in a communication network (10) and an associated method. The router (14) includes input ports each having an associated input buffer for receiving data packets from a sending device and output ports for sending data packets to a receiving device. The router (14) also includes a means to direct data packets from the or each input port to one or more of the output ports and a means for providing information to each sending device such that a determination may be made as to whether or not the sending device may transmit packets in order to assure lossless transfer. The means to direct data packets from a particular input port includes a method of control in order to regulate the transfer of data packets, where this regulation is based on a count of the data packets previously transferred from that input port and not yet output from the output port.

Abstract: A method of determining where to place routing constraints known as cuts in a network to result in a no-loop network, and a method of implementing such constraints in a hierarchical network; to avoid deadlocks. The method of determining where to place cuts in a network to result in a no-loop network comprises an algorithm for numbering the nodes within the network which is used to determine where the cuts are to be placed. The method of implementing constraints in a hierarchical network to result in a no-loop network comprises an algorithm for independently determining cuts and meta-cuts for each peer group, and imposing the necessary routing constraints in the network.

Abstract: A packet-based traffic forwarding system with a plurality of contending queues. Each queue has an allocated bandwidth and an associated borrow vector. When a first queue does not consume all of its allocated bandwidth, the borrow vector associated with a second queue is checked to determine whether the second queue is permitted to use the unconsumed allocated bandwidth of the first queue. If the second queue has packets to forward, the second queue forwards the packets using the unconsumed allocated bandwidth of the first queue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an olefin, said process comprising passing a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas through a catalyst zone which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce said olefin, said catalyst zone comprising at least a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed, and wherein the second catalyst bed is located downstream of the first catalyst bed, is of a different composition to the first catalyst bed and has the general formula of: M1aM2bM3cOz wherein M1 is selected from groups IIA, JIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIIB, VIIB, lanthanides and actinides, M2 is selected from groups IIA, IB, JIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, and M3 is selected from groups IIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB and VIIIB.

Abstract: A catalyst system capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability comprising a catalytic component, a first support and a second support and wherein the catalytic component is present on both the first and the second support, and a process for the production of an olefin, said process comprising passing a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas over said catalyst system to produce said olefin. The first support and the second support must differ in at least one of the following aspects: support material, support type and/or structural dimension.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor design that enables an auto-thermal cracking process to be conducted at any suitable pressure wherein the gaseous reactants are preheated separately before mixing and then presented to the reaction zone in a uniformly distributed manner.

Abstract: A catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability comprising a catalytic component and a metallic support wherein the support is a metallic structured packing comprising a multiplicity of open-ended channels and which has been loaded with a non metallic coating, and a process for the production of an olefin, said process comprising passing a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas over said catalyst to produce an olefin.

Abstract: A method of determining where to place routing constraints known as cuts in a network to result in a no-loop network, and a method of implementing such constraints in a hierarchical network; to avoid deadlocks. The method of determining where to place cuts in a network to result in a no-loop network comprises an algorithm for numbering the nodes within the network which is used to determine where the cuts are to be placed. The method of implementing constraints in a hierarchical network to result in a no-loop network comprises an algorithm for independently determining cuts and meta-cuts for each peer group, and imposing the necessary routing constraints in the network.

Abstract: A packet-based traffic forwarding system with a plurality of contending queues. Each queue has an allocated bandwidth and an associated borrow vector. When a first queue does not consume all of its allocated bandwidth, the borrow vector associated with a second queue is checked to determine whether the second queue is permitted to use the unconsumed allocated bandwidth of the first queue. If the second queue has packets to forward, the second queue forwards the packets using the unconsumed allocated bandwidth of the first queue.

Abstract: A catheter positioning system comprises a guide catheter extension adapted to co-operate with a guide catheter, a catheter positioning device adapted to engage a catheter and guide the catheter within the guide catheter extension, wherein the guide catheter extension further comprises a plurality of engagement means for fixing the relative points of the guide catheter extension and the positioning device at any one of a number of positions over its length and a guide catheter extension capable of receiving a catheter, comprising a substantially rigid tubular section capable of sealing engagement within a compression fitting of the guide catheter.

Abstract: A method of controlling the flow of traffic in synchronous transfer mode (ATM) network (10), which brings into possible existence a class (class II) of ATM cells. The ATM network (10) comprises one or more ATM switches (14) coupled by links (20) providing communication channels between the ATM switches (14). The method subjects the class II cells received at an input port of a particular ATM switch (14) to control, originating within the switching element of that ATM switch. The method allows only up to a fixed number of class II cells from a particular input port to be in the switch awaiting onward transfer. Although the control is on class, it nonetheless tends to produce fairness in service among different connections.