Abstract: A low friction cam shaft for actuating at least one valve of an internal combustion engine includes a shaft member extending longitudinally, at least one cam secured to the shaft member, the cam being made of a plurality of density metal materials and having an outer surface impregnated with a solid film lubricant that has an affinity for oil and promotes rapid formation of a stable oil film to reduce friction therebetween.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of reducing the concentration of NO.sub.x in the exhaust streams of internal combustion ignitions wherein a selected producing agent is introduced into the combustion chamber of such an engine via the fuel and/or air feed stream introduced into the combustion chamber. Also disclosed is an apparatus for reducing the concentration of NO.sub.x in the exhaust streams of internal combustion engines having a piston-cylinder assembly having an air fuel mixture contained therein, a means for storing a selective reducing agent selected from the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine and cyanuric acid and a means for introducing the reducing agent into the lean air/fuel mixture before combustion occurs such that upon combustion of the air/fuel mixture, the reducing agent decomposes to react with one or more products of combustion to produce an engine exhaust stream having a reduced concentration of NO.sub.x.

Abstract: An oilless engine having a piston reciprocal within a cylinder and along an axis of such cylinder while providing an annular gap therebetween to receive combustion gases and a gas phase blow-by control system for such engine.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which is operative to remove oxidizable particulates from the exhaust gas of an engine. It has a particulate filter trap disposed in a stream of exhaust gases from the engine, and has electrically heated elements effective, when at least a portion of the stream of exhaust gases is displaced with a fluid medium for transfering heat between the elements and the collected particulates, to promote oxidation of the particulates collected in the filter trap. The electrically heated elements are supplied with energy generated by an alternator driven by the engine; the elements are first heated to an incineration temperature for the particulates in the absence of gas flow, and heating of the elements is continued in the presence of a flow of an oxygen carrying heat transfer medium to promote complete oxidation of the particulates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for initiating the energization of a regenerative apparatus used with a particulate filter trap having a porosity effective to extract particulates from the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine. The method comprises: (1) sensing the actual pressure drop across the filter trap and sensing the pressure drop across an open channel simulative filter structure; (2) converting the pressure drops to proportional voltages and ratioing the voltage of the filter trap pressure drop to the product of a constant and the voltage of the simulative filter structure pressure drop; and (3) using the resultant voltage ratio to control the energization of the regeneration apparatus when the output exceeds a predetermined allowable limit, e.g., 2-8 volts.