Abstract: A wiper apparatus includes a wiper arm extending from a first wiper arm end to second wiper arm end. The wiper arm has an airfoil profile. The wiper arm includes a core having a lattice structure with shell extending around the lattice structure. A composite layer is formed around the core. The composite layer conforms to an outer surface of the shell. A method of making a wiper apparatus includes forming a core of a wiper arm with a lattice structure surrounded by a shell. The method includes depositing a layer of composite material on an outer surface of the shell.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to measuring temperature of a fluid within a hydraulic vessel using a temperature probe that has an annular recess circumscribing a projecting sensor tip. The annular recess is configured to permit fluid flow into an aperture region of a vessel wall through which the temperature probe contacts the fluid within the hydraulic vessel. Because the temperature probe projects from the annular recess within the aperture, a net projection dimension, as measured in a projection direction from an interior surface of the vessel wall proximate the aperture to a sensor, is less than a gross projection dimension, as measured in the projection direction from a bottom of the annular recess to the sensor tip. In some embodiments, this configuration advantageously improves a ratio of thermal conductivity between the fluid and the temperature probe and thermal conductivity between the temperature probe and a sensor housing.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to measuring temperature of a fluid within a hydraulic vessel using a temperature probe that has an annular recess circumscribing a projecting sensor tip. The annular recess is configured to permit fluid flow into an aperture region of a vessel wall through which the temperature probe contacts the fluid within the hydraulic vessel. Because the temperature probe projects from the annular recess within the aperture, a net projection dimension, as measured in a projection direction from an interior surface of the vessel wall proximate the aperture to a sensor, is less than a gross projection dimension, as measured in the projection direction from a bottom of the annular recess to the sensor tip. In some embodiments, this configuration advantageously improves a ratio of thermal conductivity between the fluid and the temperature probe and thermal conductivity between the temperature probe and a sensor housing.